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<br />reasonable agreement with field measurements of plume positions; however, plume concentrations were <br />unpredicted. The model was run with a Kessler warm rain parameterization to examine the characteristics <br />if liquid condensate. Patterns of liquid water predicted by the model suggest that depletion of liquid water <br />to the lee of the crest could be due to subsidence warming. This complicates the estimation of liquid <br />water depletion through precipitation processes. <br /> <br />DISCUSSION <br /> <br />The model results were in reasonable agreement with observations of plume positioning. The observed <br />meandering of plumes, transport over lower terrain and shallow vertical dispersion were predicted by the <br />model. The model's elevated concentrations were smaller than those inferred by SF6 observations. This <br />is . likely for three reasons: 1) the tracer was given an instantaneous dispersal throughout one grid bin upon <br />release; 2) the model predicted less vertical transport than reality; and 3) comparisons were done using <br />peak SF 6 observations; however, the use of average SF 6 concentrations, though somewhat ambiguous, <br />could not explain all the difference. <br /> <br />The model illustrated several points which should be considered in planning future winter orographic <br />weather modification operations which employ surface sources. <br /> <br />· Seeding material can be confined to a depth of several hundred meters over the terrain. <br /> <br />.., <br /> <br />· The horizontal and vertical positions of the release point are critical. In this study the best release <br />points were on the windward slopes of the barrier to take advantage of terrain-forced vertical <br />motions. <br /> <br />· Pooling of seeding material can occur in the valley areas, and its transport can be guided by the <br />character of lower terrain. <br /> <br />The most critical. factor in ground-based targeting is placing the Source in an area having positive vertical <br />velocity near the surface. Typically, this is windward of the crest. Areas at the crest or just downwind <br />showed small or negative vertical velocities in simulations. Valley sites can be poor locations because the <br />vertical motion fields may not reach low enough and the valley surface winds are too poorly organized to <br />provide consistent transport. <br /> <br />The use of an upwind seeding site, e.g., the San Pitch Mountains, was modeled (not illustrated in this <br />paper) and found to have some possibility of success. An upwind release site has the advantages of <br />providing a broader plume, earlier nucleation and opportunity for greater vertical transport. The <br />drawbacks include targeting inconsistencies, increased lead time and dilutiori. It would be worthwhile to <br />try one or more test releases from the San Pitch Mountains using a mobile source of AgI. SF 6 is not the <br />tracer of choice for this because of the large dilutions anticipated while crossing the Sanpete Valley. <br /> <br />It would be useful to model transport and diffusion using a Lagrangian transport scheme. The Lagrangian <br />treatment uses a coordinate system which follows effluent particles rather than remain'ing stationary. This <br />eliminates the effect of the initial dispersion of tracer material and would give a better visual display of <br />plume characteristics. A finer innermost mesh is needed to better simulate the effects of flow around the <br />terrain of the experimental area. In particular, the canyons, which are important in the transport of low <br />elevation seeding material, are not well-represented in the model. Finally, the model is being <br />implemented on workstation environments. Though not possible to run the model with a fine resolution <br /> <br />51 <br /> <br />