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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:33:58 PM
Creation date
3/5/2008 10:53:13 AM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Title
Summary of the NOAA/Utah Atmospheric Modification Program: 1990-1996
Date
9/1/1998
State
UT
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />DISCUSSION (latter portion of) <br /> <br />The SF 6 was transported over the Wasatch .Plateau in these two cases with light surface winds observed in <br />the upwind valley and at different locations on the windward slope. The SF 6 plumes reached <br />temperatures levels considered to be effective for silver iodide nucleation in both cases (-12 and -17 0 C). <br />Some of the SF6 plumes co-existed with low to moderate values of supercooled liquid water, another <br />ingredient necessary for the production of a seeding effect. <br /> <br />. <br />. <br /> <br />Examination of the individual stacked plots for the March 2 test case indicated that the SF 6 was frequently <br />present in regions of supercooled liquid water. These regions appeared to be associated with upward <br />vertical motion. It is therefore concluded that these regions were associated with convention. The SF 6 <br />plumes were observed at 1500,;,1800 m above the Wasatch Plateau. Based upon observed SF6 <br />concentrations, it is prob<;lble that these plumes reached higher altitudes. Table 4 indicates that the <br />estimated cloud tops on March 2 were at 4 km. The plumes would have only needed to rise 250 m to <br />reach the estimated cloud tops. Estimated cloud top temperatures were -14 oe. Silver iodide had it been <br />--eo-released from the SF 6 site, could have produced more ice crystals than the calculated 27 crystals I-I if it <br />was transported to the estimated cloud top heights. <br /> <br />The March 6 test case was much colder than that of March 2. It was also a much weaker storm system <br />producing only a few hundredths inch precipitation on the plateau. Aircraft observations of supercooled <br />liquid water were either 0 or occasionally .10 to .20 g m-3. The Bureau radiometer at the UDOT site only <br />observed a minimal amount of supercooled liquid water from 1600 - 1700 MST. The Desert Research <br />Institute's mobile radiometer was operated along the Wasatch Plateau and also up and down Fairview <br />Canyon. This mobile radiometer detected very little supercooled liquid water on this day except for a <br />brief period from 1713 to 1728 MST. The mobile radiometer was driving down Fairview Canyon during <br />this time. Liquid water values varied from .03 to .17 mm during this time. The Bureau radiometer on <br />UDOT did not report any liquid water during this period. This period could have represented some <br />seeding potential. This period was, in fact, being seeded from the valley based ground generator network <br />as evidenced by NCAR counts considerably above background (several 1 O's of counts per minute). The <br />.cold ambient temperatures at which the silver iodide nuclei resided should have resulted in nucleation <br />whenever the nuclei encountered any supercooled water droplets. The angles of dispersion (the last <br />column in Tables 4 and 5) from the SF6 ground based release point to the aircraft flights tracks ranged <br />from 4 to 46 o. An average of the angles from the four SF 6 plume encounters in March 2 on the west track <br />was 35 degrees. A similar average for the eight encounters on the west track for March 6 was 17 degrees. <br />Most of the difference between the two days averages occurred due to a very wide SF 6 plume being <br />encountered on the first two western flight legs on March 2 (40 and 46 degrees). It does not appear there <br />is still more lateral dispersion of the SF 6 on the March 2 versus March 6 case. The difference could be <br />due to much stronger convection that was encountered on March 6. An average plume spread angle for <br />the two days on the western flight track was 23 degrees. <br /> <br />. One important question that is not answered by this data set is whether multiple SF 6 releases from the <br />valley generator network would merge over the Wasatch Plateau to form a relatively continuous "treated" <br />volume. The NCAR counter data may provide some information on this question, but the lag time and <br />flushing time of this instrument complicates such an analysis. A related question is, even if SF 6 and or <br />Agl is released at multiple valley sites, do the resultant plumes disperse in a relatively uniform fashion <br />over the Wasatch Plateau, or are they channeled up some of the canyons as these test cases might suggest? <br /> <br />'- <br /> <br />It is assumed that there is a uniform horizontal dispersion of AgI from the valley generators over the <br />Wasatch Plateau, the mean SF6 plume angle of23 degrees can be used to estimate a desired spacing <br />between the valley generators. The mean distance from the ground based silver iodide generators sites tQ <br /> <br />40 <br />
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