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<br />1991] INTERSTATE TRANSFERS OF WATER <br /> <br />D. Authority of the State to Oversee Interstate <br /> <br />Transfers of Water.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. <br /> <br />1. Water as Property of the State. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . <br />2. Water Rights as Creatures of State Law ........ <br />3. The Regulation of Water Use................... <br />4. Groundwater Rights in Nebraska ............... <br />E. Constitutional Protection for Private Water Rights <br />F. Congressional Power to Regulate Groundwater Use <br /> <br />in the United States ................................................................ <br /> <br />1. Sources of Federal Power ....................... <br />2. De Facto Allocations of Water Pursuant to <br /> <br />Federal Law .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . <br /> <br />a. Statutes That Impose Planning Obligations . <br />b. Statutes That Protect Critical Areas ........ <br />c. Statutes That Allocate Water to <br /> <br />"Noneconomic" Uses ........................ <br /> <br />d. Statutes That Allocate Water to Preferred <br /> <br />Uses ......................................... <br /> <br />G. Allocation of Water Among States................. <br />1. Equitable Apportionment ....................... <br /> <br /> <br />t'-t <br />755 J' <br />781 <br />781 <br />783 <br />783 <br />784 <br />786 <br />787 <br />787 <br />790 <br />791 <br />792 <br />793 <br />793 <br />794 <br />795 <br />795 <br />796 <br />797 <br /> <br />2. Interstate CompaC'ts .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br /> <br />3. Congressional Allocation ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />H. State Authority after Sporhase-Conclusion. . . . . . . . <br /> <br />IV. Interstate v. Intrastate Users: Constitutional <br />Limitations on Unequal Treatment in the Mtermath of <br /> <br />Sporhase ................................................. 799 <br /> <br />A. The Commerce Cla"USe............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 <br /> <br />1. BackgI"o'UIld...................................... 799 <br /> <br />2. Criteria Triggering Federal Commerce Clause <br /> <br />3. Negative Commerce Clause and Congressional <br /> <br />Scrutin.y ......................................... 801 <br /> <br />Authority' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 <br /> <br />B. State Regulation of Interstate Commerce: What is <br />Permitted, What Prohibited? ....................... 803 <br />1. Intentional Discrimination Against Interstate <br /> <br />Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 <br /> <br />a. Facially Discriminatory Legislation ......... 803 <br />b. Facially Neutral Legislation................. 803 <br />c. Reciprocity Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 <br />2. Unintentional Discrimination Against Interstate <br /> <br />Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 <br /> <br />a. Legislation With a Discriminatory Effect. . . . 805 <br />b. The Bruce Church Test for State Regulatory <br /> <br />Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 <br /> <br />HeinOn1ine -- 70 Neb. L. Rev. 755 1991 <br />