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<br />J4 S~ Covington and W. A, Hubert
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<br />habitat (Lnnka and <.1thers 1987, L:a.rscheid and Hubel't
<br />1992) and thtt effect of changes in now 011 available:
<br />i.trstream ca'Ucr. For e)!:ampIej a given reduction in dis-
<br />chC"-r.ge i$ likely to have less effect on po()l habita[ far
<br />~dl,dt trout ill a deep, narrow cl1annc] rha.ll it"!. a wide,
<br />shaBo'll c:hi:1T\ncl. W~st:he (1974} f{}'-~nd that int;tream
<br />cover dropped pC6ciplcously below 25% of AD:F'; thel~e-
<br />fOl"'e the linotlr relationship may' nat hold tnle a~ low
<br />flOl~ (<25% of ADF). T}lC duration of low flows aod
<br />the te!\gth of sUlIt:am a.tt't::cted by the flows may also
<br />a.ffect th(: ~ubsequcnt responses of trouc popLllations~
<br />For e~ampJe, Krdf! (1972) observed no decline in tr('ut
<br />abundanee in R small Montana ti-tream when flo"NS were
<br />redu.<:ed from 1.0 to 0.2 m$jse.c fo~. 90 da.y~ bccaus~
<br />tro ut redi..~tribu ted th em..ll;e)ves [0 areas 'Wi th hlghe r' flow.
<br />Our approflch }IT"ovides an alterl1:adve mt:r.hod of
<br />Qssessin.g jnstrcam fJOW5 for sltudl trOl.U; streaO\5 that
<br />considers spacial variability in habita.t. It en:tblc:s
<br />manag~rs to mak~ judgments wirho\tt e'Ctensive .field.
<br />,york ~uld the nced to acccs:s private tand and pro..
<br />vides lnct'cn~en tat as~es."m en ts of effec t.5 of cliffe reo [
<br />summer nows in ~t["e.ams over relatively long stream
<br />segments ac:coun.t.ir~g for .spacial variability ii, habirat.
<br />fea.tures.. O\.r approach can be: condu.c[Cd witb hydro-
<br />logic dara., aerial pllOtogrc\phs. r.opogra.phic maps, and
<br />a sp readshcct.
<br />
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />
<br />We thank Gr D.. Hayward and L. M. Ostresh for help
<br />in improving our met.hods and W. L. Ber<;(,son for
<br />assistance Ylith gftngraphil; iNformation .systems. This
<br />k.t:se~rch was fUfldcd by a. US Environmental Protection
<br />Agt:nC)' EPSCoR grant to the University of Wyoming.
<br />
<br />Uterature Cited
<br />
<br />
<br />Binns. N. ..4... nod F. M, Ei.sertnan. 1979.. Quantification of
<br />f1uvia\ 1tO\l.l baht uu:; in Wyon\\ hg.. '1"Tnmaai.onJ fJjlhe A ,neritan
<br />F18herir~' &r:ip.~ 1 08:~1!t-228.
<br />
<br />Bovee) "k. D. 1982. A gt1i de (0 1i~ream anlll)'Sis using [he i nst.r(."it.m
<br />tlDw incremental roechodoIpgy. Instrcam now i.l1fom'lwonrn
<br />pap~1' 12. US Fish and wndllfe Service.. FWS/O"RS-82/2S.
<br />
<br />.Bovc:cl K.. D4 198ft D~elop&ncnt and cvalUa~ion Qf habicu
<br />sUltability cl"lterill fQ(" 1.LGe h'l the fnstrea.:rn How inr:remencal
<br />me thodalogy. US P'lsl1 .and Wildlife Se.rvicc: lJiologlcal Re-
<br />P',tt. SG(1).,
<br />
<br />.Braoksr K. N.'t P ~ ~, FloUiott. l-t. M. Ct~C1"en. and L. P'. DeBl1no,
<br />1991. Hydrology a.nd the m:J.nagcm~t orlvatcl.sbedsl 3r:cond
<br />edition. ~wa SRte UI'\i'lJr::Bity Pre:s. Amr:s.. lC)W3..
<br />
<br />Bros~l D~l. 1001. trrigating alfalfa. Ptlg(!$ 12-16 u~ D. W4 Koch
<br />(ed.). Profi~b~e alfalfa .production. Univr:rsitf of Wyom!ngt
<br />Cooperative b:ten.!llon ServilCe. Lararl'lit, Wyoming.
<br />
<br />Clancy~ c. O. 1988, Eft'"r:c13 of de\vatering on spawning by
<br />V,lIo\lrstone cutthron.t. troll!;n n":lb1..lmri.es to Ebe YcIJIjW~loUC'
<br />
<br />~ 'Y.... ...
<br />
<br />Rivert MO.nUU')~L Pages !7....41 ilL R. E. Grl:5;1w~JI (ed~), StatUS
<br />all d 111:::l;nagem =n C of in ~erio.. S lockq; of ~ftl tth :r'(JaL trollt, Sym.
<br />pO!il\un 4~ i\lueri(.an fjsh.ri~$ Society. Be:the&da, Maryl:u~dt
<br />
<br />Covington, J~ S~, :and W~ 1'\. Hub~Ttl 2000. Relation.Fj between
<br />on-sire -and aerial measurcnlenr.s of s.trt!ams:i'de fe~tureS' :and
<br />cover for {rOUt in :aU\lvjal ~Ut!'}' stre:ams in Wyoflliugt 1Varl/J.
<br />Ammcan Joumal of }7J..l2m4~~ Mo."ap'l1klt1l 20:627- 53B.,
<br />
<br />DeVoreJ P. W~. and R..l.. White" 19784 IJtLytinte respol1ses of
<br />1)rQwn trout (S(uma truJlo.) to cover sunn..U in ~Ut:'arl1 cban-
<br />neIs. '/r&Z1J,Sootions riflheArJZ?14cn.n Fir/l#ie:; SocitJy 107:763-771.
<br />DW}'er~ W. P"I and.B.. D.. Rosenlund. 19BB. Role of fish cuJttu"1!
<br />in Ule r-ec$tabUsh men{ 1)( greenback CL.l~U'1rQat t:ro !.tt4 l~gei
<br />15-80 t1l R.. E~ Gre~welJ (ed.)., S~an1S and 11H\na.geruent of
<br />interior l5'lOcb of cuuhroat tr"OLn.... SyrnposioM 4. Amel'icaL~
<br />Fisheries Socieo/'i Bathesda_ Maxyland.
<br />J!bc:rsole,J, L.. W.j. lJS~1 and C~ A... .Fris.selL 1997~ Res~or:aticn
<br />~f:S(tt"am habi~ts hf tile we~l:em Unh:ed S(f1CCl;: Restoration
<br />as t"t:expr~s:siQn of habitat capac::iLY. E~ltti:ronmentall.;I(J.'tIaft?
<br />17ltnt 21; 1-14~
<br />
<br />, EI~bry, M. T~. ~d D, c. GibbQos. 1981. Wntc( atld a,;d lands
<br />of the Western lTrJited St3te5. Cal'nb...jdgc Ullh-'cr~'lr Pr~.lJs.
<br />CMobtldgc~ Jtn~laDd.
<br />Envircnnlc~~l R~searclJ SYJitems.. 1 gg4a.~ A.rc/lnfo lIe'''S[oI1 7.()
<br />netWork analysis Inanual, ESRI, RedIaJlds.. ~iforrd3.
<br />
<br />EnVi.;oomenta.t Research Sys(tms, 19S4b, i\1'c'V1t:w vet"s\on 3.0
<br />avenlle manL1at ESRl~ RedlanOJ, California.
<br />Fa2.hich, K. \J., C, L. Hawkes. ~d M. Ca P;i1~OnS4 1988, Model1l
<br />t.h:J.t pred.ict :'iItnnding crop of .!Stream rcth from .habitat Y.cU'i-
<br />abIeS': ] 950-1 985. USDA Forest Senrice aenr=~":lJ Technical
<br />Repon PNW"'213.
<br />
<br />Fc:nneo\an... N; M. 19.91.. Phr.!iioaraphy of the we,~(em {]niu;d
<br />Stat!:!$. McGl"8'\'PHiU. New YOYk.
<br />FrisseU. C, A.2 'Vf~ J. LiJs. C, E. Watreo~ and M... O. Hurlqr, J 9861
<br />A hierarchial frarn~w()rk for Stream bRbitnt dasalli.catiol1~
<br />vjcw1ng sr.rea.rrls ill a \Q{enhed t:atuc~c. Envi'l"tm'111.et1.l.al Mcz'll-
<br />~mt lO:1~9-214.
<br />
<br />Gt::nitUl'1g,. E...R.. 1988.. SralU8, life. histQlY, :a.nd management. or
<br />the Lahan tail CU uhroaL trOUt. Pages 93-1 Off ~n R~ E. Gress...
<br />wen (l!d..). SlatU$ and Maf1agCtUent tJf interior stock.-.; of
<br />cuttb.n13t trout.. SymposiuJn 4. American Fhibedes So<:i~ty.
<br />l}ethesds.~ Maryland~ .
<br />Creen~r~e, W.. J.. and R. C. .Aldrich. 1975.. EvaJuaring Stl'"C8fn
<br />trou t hBbI rat on lal."g.e.-s.cale aerial .colQr phQtoVtAph.$.. USOA
<br />Forest St!MCC Gen~~J TecJ1.nical Research Paper ~SW-123..
<br />
<br />lioglc.J. 5,. T. A.. Wdche. :and W, /L Hub~rL 1993~ A tes:t 01
<br />the prec;.siot;l of the:: h"bitat qtl~Jity indc'( rnodej Ir.~ NOf'lJJ
<br />it114T1c.a'n Journal tJ{ Fislwriss Management 13-:&40- 64:1..
<br />Hubcl.t~ w.~, Lt. P. Lanka. T. A. Wetche, and r. S'tc1.bler. 1985.
<br />Crazing' nta.nagetnent innLlcnc~ on two brook I).ou~
<br />streFLIl).8 in WyomJng. P-.age!s 290-2,94 in R~ R..Johnson, C. D.
<br />Z,ebeU., D+ Ita P;u.ton. 1'. li'. F"CQIUo[.L1 and R... H. Hamre
<br />( tBchniOl J cCQrdinal.ot..t} . Rlpari.'ul ccosysterl\8 and t.hcir
<br />managemCu\t: l't:condling cQnfH cti ng lJ6CS.. firsr Noah
<br />American Riparian Confertnce. USDA Fon:.!~ Serviec Gt:n-
<br />enl Technical ReporC RM:..120a
<br />
<br />1-!~b~("r.. W.. A.., T. D. Man..i(2" 1(. G. Cr:row~ N4 A. :SinniS. .3J1,d
<br />Il W~ \fVilcy. 1996. astimation 01' potcl\tial ma,,;;lmum bio--
<br />In~:a of tn:3oU ( in Wyoming str-eams to flSSJiSt: rrlaf1agemeIl t
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