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Water Supply Reserve Account ? Grant Application Form
<br />Form Revised May 2007
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<br />used whenever excavation and backfilling will cause major changes in soil physical or chemical properties
<br />(Schneider and Howell, 1991). Rocky, layered or stratified soils are examples. Procedures for collecting large
<br />soil monoliths are described by Schneider and Howell (1991), Schneider, et al. (1993), Schneider, et al. (1996).
<br />Schneider, et al. (1998) describe a combination monolith and reconstructed soil profile for lysimeters from high
<br />water table sites. Monolith lysimeters have higher initial costs because of the complexities of collecting and
<br />handling the soil monolith. Quality data can usually be collected the first year of operation, however (Schneider
<br />and Howell, 1991).
<br />Design of lysimeter area and depth is based on the expected crops to be studied, their rooting depths and research
<br />objectives relative to irrigation regimes that range from well-watered conditions to water stress conditions
<br />(Howell, et al., 1991; Howell, et al., 1985). Grebet (1991) states the size of the lysimeter soil tank is a
<br />compromise between minimizing tank costs or total weight and the need to provide for an adequate root zone and
<br />sufficient reservoirs of moisture, air, and heat to be sufficiently representative of surrounding field conditions.
<br />He suggests a minimum area of 2 m2 with optimum area of 4 m2. Minimum depth under irrigated conditions is
<br />0.8 to 1.0 m and 2 m for non-irrigated conditions. Aboukhaled, et al. (1982) recommend a 4-m2 area for
<br />lysimeters to be used for ET research on grass and most field crops.
<br />References:
<br />Aboukhaled, A., A. Alfaro, and M. Smith. 1982. Lysimeters. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 39. Food and
<br />Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
<br />Allen, R.G. and D.K. Fisher. 1990. Low-Cost Electronic Weighing Lysimeters. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol
<br />33(6):1823-1833. Amer. Soc. of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
<br />Allen , R. G., T.A. Howell, W.O. Pruitt, I.A. Walter, and M.E. Jensen. (editors). 1991. Lysimeters for
<br />Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements. Proceedings of the ASCE Irrigation and Drainage
<br />Division International Symposium on Lysimetry, Honolulu, HI, July 1991. ASCE, New York, NY.
<br />Allen, R.G. and D.K. Fisher. 1991. Direct Load Cell Based Weighing Lysimeter System. In: Proceedings of the
<br />ASCE Irrigation and Drainage Division International Symposium on Lysimetry, Honolulu, Hawaii, July
<br />1991. ASCE, New York, NY. pp. 114-124.
<br />Ayars, J.E., R.M. Mead, R. Soppe, D.A. Clark, and R.A. Schoneman. 1996. Weighing Lysimeters for Shallow
<br />Ground Water Management Studies. In: Proceedings of the ASAE International Conference on
<br />Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling, San Antonio, TX, November, 1996. ASAE, St. Joseph,
<br />MI. pp.825-830.
<br />Grebet, J. 1991. Precision Lysimetry in France. In: Proceedings of the ASCE Irrigation and Drainage Division
<br />International Symposium on Lysimetry, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 1991. ASCE, New York, NY. pp. 105-
<br />113.
<br />Howell, T.A., R.L. McCormick and C.J.Phene. 1985. Design and Installation of Large, Weighing Lysimeters.
<br />Trans. of the ASAE, 28:106-112, 117. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
<br />Howell, T.A., A. D. Schneider, and M.E, Jensen. 1991. History of Lysimeter Design and Use for
<br />Evapotranspiration Measurements. In: Proceedings of the ASCE Irrigation and Drainage Division
<br />International Symposium on Lysimetry, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 1991. ASCE, New York, NY. pp. 1-9.
<br />Howell, T. A., A.D. Schneider, D.A., Dusek, T.H. Marek, and J.L. Steiner. 1995. Calibration and Scale
<br />Performance of Bushland Weighing Lysimeters. Trans. of the ASAE, 38(4):1019-1024. ASAE, St.
<br />Joseph, MI.
<br />Kruse, E.G. and C.M.U. Neale. 1991. Hydraulic Weighing Lysimeter Measurement Errors. In: Proceedings of
<br />the ASCE Irrigation and Drainage Division International Symposium on Lysimetry, Honolulu, Hawaii,
<br />July 1991. ASCE, New York, NY. pp. 133-141.
<br />L,T.W.2004.LERARV.
<br />EYYSIMETERS FOR VAPOTRANSPIRATIONESEARCH IN THE RKANSASIVERALLEY
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