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97 not been addressed and is still a element has been partially If it has If a particular " " it is rated "Yes is rated "No." Summer fully addressed, problem area, it addressed. it is noted as "partial Deficiencies Addressed Events 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 June, 1982 No No No No Partial No Partial Nov.,1985 No Partial No Partial No No Partial May, 1986 No Yes No No No No No June, 1990 No Partial No No No No Partial June, 1995 Partial Yes Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Jan., 1996 Partial Yes Partial Partial Yes Partial Partial Table 1 NWS modernized operations began in the eastern region in 1994-95. For the four events prior to modernization, only one element was fully addressed. For the two events following the modernized operations, all of the deficien- cies were at least partially addressed. Among the individual deficiencies, the two elements that have shown the most progress are: Element 2-knowledge of hydrologic operations; and Element 7-use of QPF in hydrologic forecast operations. This is not surprising, since these areas have been emphasized in eastern region operations since 1980. The one deficiency that was somewhat surprising was Element I-the availability of real-time automated data. On further reflection, however, this can be explained by the fact that, as a direct result of the first four events, automated flood warning systems were either newly implemented or expanded for the areas of concern. Improvements The most significant improvements in the NWS Flash Flood Warning program are the result of NWS modernized operations and technologies. Despite these improvements, problems still exist where deficiencies have only been partially addressed. The use of WSR-88D radars Current and Future Operational has been a key component in pinpointing areas of excessive rainfall. Significant improvements have been made in radar/rainfall estimates and areal coverage of precipitation with the advent of