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<br />Poor spacing <br /> <br />· Heads that are spaced too far apart cannot get adequate head to head coverage. <br />Head to head coverage is when the spray from one head reaches the heads next to <br />it and visa versa, which ensures a uniformly green landscape. <br /> <br />· The nozzles may need to be changed, additional heads may need to be added, or <br />the spacing of heads may need to be altered. Replacing the nozzles will only be <br />effective if sufficient pressure is available. It is important not to cause overspray <br />in one direction simply to reach a greater distanc in another direction. A <br />certified irrigation professional should be consulted and/or utilized when either <br />adding additional heads or changing the placement of existing heads. <br /> <br />Inappropriate spray patterns <br /> <br />· If the arc* on a head is too wide, it leads to overspray onto undesired areas. If the <br />arc is too narrow it leads to dry spots and poor coverage. <br /> <br />* Arc refers to the horizontal spray pattern of a sprinkler head. For example, a <br />head can have a 90 degree arc, 180 degree arc, 270 degree arc, etc. <br /> <br />· Replace the nozzle with one that has the correct throw radius and arc. Variable <br />arc nozzles can be helpful where a custom arc is needed. Variable Arc Nozzles <br />should be avoided when not absolutely necessary. The spray patterns tend to be <br />slightly irregular, taking away from uniformity. It is recommended to replace <br />VAN's with standardfixed arc nozzles where appropriate. (Variable arc nozzles <br />should be used on areas that have circular edges or irregular angles) <br /> <br />· The screw on top of the sprinkler heads is designed to reduce the throw radius of <br />the nozzle a maximum of 20%. When the radius reduction screw is used to <br />reduce the radius more than 20%, it results in misting as well as an irregular spray <br />pattern from the nozzle. <br /> <br />· If the radius needs to be reduced by more than 20%, it is better to replace the <br />current nozzle with one that has a smaller radius rather than trying to reduce it <br />using the radius adjustment screw. <br /> <br />Thatch and aeration <br /> <br />· Thatch is an interwoven mat of live and dead root and plant matter found under <br />the grass, but above the soil. Thatch is hydrophobic, which makes it difficult for <br />water to penetrate the soil, thus causing run-off. <br /> <br />23 <br />