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Revised: 7/26/2007 <br />Lessons from the Literature <br /> <br />Collaborative and Consensus Literature <br /> <br />When a collaborative approach is appropriate (Zanatell) <br />? <br /> <br />Conventional avenues have reached a stalemate; <br />? <br /> <br />Strong leadership is present; <br />? <br /> <br />Legal/governmental framework allows collaboration; <br />? <br /> <br />Par ties have equitable power distribution; and <br />? <br /> <br />Sufficient stakeholder representation is possible. <br /> <br />When a collaborative approach is NOT appropriate (Zanatell) <br />? <br /> <br />A quick response is needed; <br />? <br /> <br />Unwieldy keystone stakeholders can halt collaboration; <br />? <br /> <br />The scope is too large; and/or <br />? <br /> <br />Conflicts are based on deeply held values. <br /> <br />What makes partnerships work (Leach and Pelkey) <br />? <br /> <br />Adequate funding; <br />? <br /> <br />Effective leadership; <br />? <br /> <br />Interpersonal trust; and <br />? <br /> <br />Committed participants. <br /> <br />Aspects of collaborative institutional structure leading to success (Blumenthal & Jannink) <br />? <br /> <br />A well - defined group of stakeholders, with legitimate stakes in management of <br />the natural resources, and sufficient autonomy to act on their decisions. <br />? <br /> <br />A balance of power among those stakeholders. <br />? <br /> <br />Financial resources to susta in the institution. <br />? <br /> <br />Sanctions to encourage cooperation once decisions have been made. <br />? <br /> <br />Mechanisms for resolving conflict. <br /> <br />Issues without agreement that need to be addressed <br />? <br /> <br />Geographic scope <br />? <br /> <br />Appropriate decision rules <br />? <br /> <br />Best way to enforce agreements <br />? <br /> <br />Appropri ate diversity of stakeholders <br /> <br />1 <br />