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<br />, <br /> <br />disease. Drip or trickle systems are more efficient and provide the greatest control over the amount of <br />water applied. <br />10. Sub-irrigation (ebb and flow, flood floors, troughs or capillary mats) systems are extremely effective at . <br />reducing water waste. These systems also require half the fertilizer of overhead irrigation and lead to <br />less disease because the foliage remains dry. However, they can be expensive to install and water may <br />need to be treated before reuse can occur. <br /> <br />11. Irrigate plants when needed based on media moisture levels, which can be assessed by these methods: <br />· Appearance or Feel-water when the media will crumble easily when compressed in the hand. <br />Examine the media at several depths. <br />· Tensiometers-these devices are made of a porous ceramic tip attached to a vacuum gauge filled with <br />water. The tip is inserted in the soil and the reservoir is filled with water. As the rooting media dries, <br />water move through the tip and the resulting tension is recorded. <br />· Weight of media moisture-one potted plant on a bench is used as a control. It rests on a scale that is <br />adjusted to trip a switch when the moisture level drops below a certain level. As the plant grows, the <br />setting must be adjusted to account for added plant weight. <br />· Light Accumulators-based on the idea that increased light causes increased evaporation. A <br />photoelectric cell and counter activate a solenoid valve when a predetermined level oflight is <br />received._ <br />· Soil Moisture Conductivity-several devices relate soil moisture to electrical conductivity. When the <br />soil dries to a pre-set level, the electronic circuit activates the solenoid valve. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Colorado Water Conservation Board <br />Flood Protection. Water Supply Planning and Financing. Stream and Lake Protection <br />Water Supply Protection. Conservation and Drought Planning <br />