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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:29:16 PM
Creation date
5/16/2007 3:02:42 PM
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Weather Modification
Title
The Feasibility of Operational Cloud Seeding in the North Platte River Basin Headwaters to Increase Mountain Snowfall
Prepared For
US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclaimation
Prepared By
Jonnie G. Medina, Technical Service Center, Water Resources Services
Date
5/1/2000
County
Statewide
State
CO
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Scientific Study
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<br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />Page <br /> <br />1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <br /> <br />2. Inadvertent Weather Modification ......................................... 1 <br />3. Intentional Weather Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <br />3a. Supercooled Liquid Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 <br />3b. Snow Crystal Growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 <br />3c. Artificial Ice Crystal Initiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 <br />3d. Basic Considerations About Winter Orographic Cloud Seeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 <br />4. Delivery of Seeding Materials ............................................ 13 <br />4a. Seeding from Aircraft .............................................. 13 <br />4b. Seeding from Valley Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 <br />4c. Seeding from High Altitude Locations ................................. 17 <br />. . . Headwaters Region, Colorado and Wyoming .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 <br />. . . Bridger Range, Montana ......................................... 18 <br />. . . Grand Mesa, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 <br />. . . Sierra Nevada, California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 <br />. . . Wasatch Plateau, Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 <br />5. Styles of Cloud Seeding Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 23 <br />5a. Statistical Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 23 <br />5b. Physical Evaluation ................................................ 25 <br />6. Supercooled Liquid Water Availability ..................................... 27 <br />6a. SL W at the Park Range, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 <br />6b. Orographic SL W at Other Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 30 <br />7. Insights from Other Mountain Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 <br />7a. Bridger Range, Montana ............................................ 33 <br />7b. Grand Mesa, Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 <br />7c. Wasatch Plateau, Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 <br />7d. Park Range, Colorado .............................................. 39 <br />7e. Sierra Nevada, California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 <br />8. Summary of Recent Central Utah Studies ................................... 43 <br />9. Environmental Impacts of Cloud Seeding ................................... 47 <br />10. Extended Area Effects of Cloud Seeding ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 <br />11. Headwaters Region Seeding Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 <br />IIa. Some Recommended Program Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 <br /> <br />12. Summary............................................................. 56 <br /> <br />References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 59 <br />
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