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<br />Nonappropriation statutes <br /> <br />Statutes of Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Nebraska, and Texas provide <br />for certain controls over withdrawals of ground water, but not on a basis <br />of prior appropriation. <br /> <br />Statutory provIsions in California relate chiefly (1) to preven- <br />tion of waste from artesian wells and to reports of installation of <br />water wells generally, and (2) to use of ~1terna~e water supplies a~d to <br />recordation of water extractions and diversions in sp~~lfie~ co~nties. <br />In Montana they relate to prevention of wast~ of artesian water and to <br />fl ling of records of water wells. <br /> <br />Exemptions <br /> <br />Most States that Impose restrictions upon the exercise of ground <br />water rights or usns provide eXEmptions therefrom. Although varyin!] in <br />coverage, they relate chiefly, but not exclusively, to small withdrawals <br />of water for-domestic purposes and waterIng of livestock, lawns, and <br />gardens. <br /> <br />II. Gmund "Iaters Affected <br /> <br />Basic classifications <br /> <br />Application of statutory restrictions to all ground ~aters that <br />are free to move through the soil and are capable of physical control <br />prevails by a large margin in the West. <br /> <br />Exceptions are: (I) Arizona, Oklahoma, a~d 1e;(as, which exclude <br />definite underground streams and the~efore relate to percolating waters <br />only; (2) Washington, which adheres to the classification of bodies of <br />water the existence and boundaries of which may be reasonably established <br />or ascertained; (3) New Mexico, where the main statute refers to'~nder- <br />ground streams, channels, artesian basins, reservoirs, or lakes, having <br />reasonably ascertaInable boundarIes, and a 1953 enactment to all ground <br />waters of the State. <br /> <br />Interconnected surface and ground waters <br /> <br />The fundamentally Important association and Interdependence of <br />surface streams and ground waters, known so well and so long by hydrolo- <br />gists and becoming better known generally, finds expression in statutes <br />of Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. In one State or <br />another, legislatIon includes such matters as recognition of relative <br />rights in the correlated common supply of surface and ground water in a <br />single schedule of priorities, whether a particular diversion be made <br />from a stream or a well; ImpositIon of conditions In a ground water permit <br />to prevent substantial Interference wIth surface water appropriative <br />rights as well as other ground water rights; Incorporation of stream and <br /> <br />- 2 - <br /> <br />-, <br />