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[ 17 ] above case at the following pages: "A commissioner was appointed on behalf of the United Statcs" (162 U. 8., 1, 65) ; "the commis- sioners of the tWQ Governments"-i. e., the Government of Texas and the Government of the United States (162 U. 8., 1, 66) ; "a joint commission on the part of the United States and Texas commenced the work," etc. (143 U. S., 621, 635) ; "the commis- sioner on the part of the United States" (id.); "the commis- sioners of the United States and Texas" (id,); By the act of January 31, 1885, chapter 47 (23 Stat., 296, 297), it was provided that the United States should appoint a representative who should work in conjunction with a represen- tative to be appointed by the State of Texas, for the purpose of ascertaining the bonndary. 'l'he following references appear as descriptive of the persan and the agency: "The t\\'o Gavernments (United States and State of Texas) appointed commissioners" (162) U. S., 1, 76); tbe joint body so constituted is defined as "the Joint Boundary Commission" (162) U. S., 1, 21) ; in the act by the Legislature of Texas anthor- i~ing the appointment -of its commissioner, the 'combined repre. sentation of the two Governments (State and National) is desig- nated a "joint commission" (162 U. S. 1, 73) ; by the act anthor- izing the suit hetween the United States and Texas (26 Stat., 81, 92, chap, 182, see, 25) the earn mission formed under the act of 1885 with the State of Texas is designated as "the joint boun- dary commission under the act of Oongress," etc. (.143 U. S., 621, 622) ; and by tIle act of 1885 "a joint commission was organized" (143 U. S., 621, 636) ; Without further multiplication of examples, it would appear that where two representatives of the United States and of a State are dnly appointed for the purpose of settling a boundary or some other dispute, such persons are "commissioners" and are collectively u, "joint commission," and as the court said. (.162 U. S" 76), "Under the act of Texas of 1882 and the act of Oon- gress of 1885, the two Goverments appointed commissioners," and- the body so constituted. was a "joint commission." This exercise at the treaty-making po,wers of the two separate Governments (National and State) necessarily proceeds upon tbe fundamentaJ. fact that there are two separate and distinct Governments, each having its attributes of sovereignty. Of this we shall make mentiQu in a separate memora:ndurn. COMPAC'l'S BETWEEN STATE AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS. Controversies arising between two States or between the United States and, a 8tate or States maybe settled by compact or agreement 01> by judicial determination by the United States Supreme Court. Diplomacy failing, the suit before the court is