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<br />o 0 19 '79 <br /> <br />A reserved water rIght may be created by an act of Congress (United <br /> <br />.' - <br /> <br />States v. New Mexico, supra), a Presidential Proclamation (Cappaert <br />v. United States. supra). an executive order (Arizona v. California. <br />373 U.S. 546 (1963)), an agreement or treaty (Winters v. United States. <br />207 U.S. 564 (1908)), Secretariat land order (Arizona v. California, <br /> <br />., <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />supra), or other Executive action ultimately creating a reservation <br />(United States v. Walker River Irrlqatlon Dlst., 104 F.2d 334 (9th <br /> <br />Clr. 1939)). <br /> <br />Federal reserved water rights are not dependent upon state law <br /> <br />or procedures, so meetIng state law requirements Is not necessary <br /> <br />to perfect reserved water rights. See Cappaert v. United States, supra <br /> <br />at 145. The "volume and scope of particular reserved rights. . . <br /> <br />are federal questIons" calling for the application of federal law, though <br /> <br />state courts are competent to InitIally determine federal reserved water <br /> <br />rights In McCarran Amendment (43 U.S.C. S 666) proceedlngs.9/ Finally. <br /> <br />reserved water rights encompass both existing and reasonably foreseeable <br /> <br />future water uses necessary to fulfIll the purposes of the reservatlon.lQ/ <br /> <br />In sum. the federal reserved water rIght Is created by lmpllca- <br /> <br />tlon as well as by express language In the reservation of public land for <br /> <br />9/ United States v. DIstrict Court for EaQle County, 401 U.S. 520, 526 <br />(1971) . <br /> <br />10/ See Arizona v. California, 373 U.S.. supra. at 600-601. <br />- - <br /> <br />-9- <br />