WSP11937

• File Number: 8040.200
• Description: Section D General Studies-Energy
• Date: 1/1/1974
• Author: Davis-Wood-USGS
• Title: Energy-Oil Shale-Geological Survey Circular 703-Water Demands for Expanding Energy Development
• Water Supply Pro - Doc Type: Publication

I:

CONTENTS

P;1ge
Abstract... .. . .. .' .. .. , .... .. .. . . . . ... .. .. . . ..' .. . ... .. .. ... .. .' . .. . I
Water demands for expanding energy development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Extraction ....................................................... I
Transport .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Refining. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Steam-electric generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Oil shale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 8
Coal gasification.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CoaJliquefaction ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Summary........... .............................. \1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
Figure 1. Heat balance diagram of typicall,OOO-mw fossil-fueled thermal-electric plant. . . . . 4
2. Withdrawal of water for major uses ....................................... 6
3. Annual withdrawals of water for thermal-electric power generation in the
United States, 1920-72 .... ............,.... ........ 7
4. Water consumption in refining and conversion processes... ..... . .. ... " . l3

TABLES

P<lge

T<lble I. Contingent water consumption forecasts for a ].miUion-b:urel-per-day shale-oil
industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2. Present <lnd future Water use in the Upper Colorado River Basin.. ... . . .. .. .. .. .. . 10
3. Water consumption in refining processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 12

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