<br />. ,
<br />
<br />;]J,5~8
<br />
<br />1'.--- ?_ 21;:1), L lJll:::"1.. (!J;!n;t.:~. OJu!d be broughT
<br />;tLnuL ~~i:":I(,[Y (",Hdd tx: !>:n.isCcd lI.,H dIe resp0HSibk
<br />go\'enlmem.al .<tgencu..'s \\"(:re t-,'l\"mg endangered
<br />s!X"'Cles recovery their beSt eflorL....
<br />
<br />Case Slud'e:;
<br />
<br />Case studies are nee::ded that examine endangered
<br />species programs from the viewpoint of organizatioll
<br />and management and from that of policy implemenLd-
<br />,ion (Cbrk 19H-1. Cbrk and Kellen )988). U hiolof..,olSIS
<br />;.,(,d " l,il1(o:: nlJna;..:t.:l11r:nl offici;,::l. (\Hlid lUlll("r~l..lnd
<br />dit:c:.\" jll()t~r,JI:l In;!n;J~ClTlel~1 ;1' V'('!! ;1<' th,.'" ('ll-
<br />It"lltJ~ unJers.i.3nd ecolugy. we cOllhJ sr.~:lifjc.::tll':'" 1.11-
<br />pln\l' our pcrfOrlll:l.IICt' ;][)r! Illcreast' OUl c!l;m,:..
<br />success. \'\'e need studies that examine fannal 3nd in-
<br />formal orp,ni7.ational slrucrures. managerial functions
<br />and decision making within these organizational St.{-
<br />ungs, the causes .and resull5 of conflict. <l.llothe m.d:l~
<br />slaf:es of the (Xllicy process (how policies are formu.
<br />ba'd. e\'aluated. and mo~\ imponantly, implemented).
<br />Curren[I~', case m,nerial is HX) weak ro make nlCall-
<br />IIlgful. ~yslemauc comparisons among end;:mgered
<br />species programs ~md LO dra..... generalizations, too lilue
<br />kno.....n 10 develop professional skills through ir.s use in
<br />uni\'ersity curricula, -nd 100 unden'alued (0 compel
<br />improvements in endangel'ed species recovery pro-
<br />gr;mlS.
<br />
<br />.:, ! j 1(' :. ~ ~tL':Tl~lllC. n
<br />
<br />.;.:":...
<br />
<br />c ..
<br />or series of ev~ms' v.>iLh the objective of learning from
<br />that event" (Taylor 1983, p. 261). Case studies, which
<br />are \\;dely used in the training of physicians. l::i.....yers.
<br />social workers. and other professionals. describe Ihe-'
<br />bad.ground and hi<;tory, policies. organiz.ations, indi-
<br />\'Iduals. deci::;ions. acu\.~tics. and cun~qut::lCei of ac-
<br />lll:d or hrpolhc.:u..:..i1 ~illJ:Jtio1lS. In an examination of"
<br />UlI.' ll"e of CASt" sllldie<; in \,,'iIJlife policy education.
<br />Cbrk (I Y8G) comp:ned five authors' guidelines for
<br />preparing and analyzing G:lse studies and described
<br />the bencfiL<; of case srudies to wildlife profe5siunals:
<br />r';' :1.-':1'1:1-- (:l:!'.~l"!' 1', 1'-', ::~ I ""_
<br />,,'v; ;'~" PIC', i{~llIg hl~l(;n~ lJ..Ilj..,bl"~fIU ~nd ~~~I.llIL,j-
<br />tion to the profession. and developing skills and expe-
<br />rience in judgment and thinking, awareness of cun-
<br />~"ct"pLS and 'values. formulation bf slrategies,- and
<br />- articulation of"the policy process_ .\"Oe encoJ.ll:?ge aUf
<br />colleagues to compile ca..<;e studies mat will assist aUf
<br />LollecLi\'(~ learning abom organizations. managemeIlt.
<br />and the policy process and that can be applied 10
<br />speCIes recover)'.
<br />\\'e recognize that the ability of existing bureau-
<br />CI acies. slruggling with the complex task of endan.
<br />gned specie!' reco\'ell, to recognize, adopt, and im-
<br />plement ne\\' }-Jerspectivt:s and programs is more
<br />
<br />f:Ji(;r::rl=;"'(;;:'~(j :',' l:CIC:S ;-.:..: '(l\'':'''-' .,'
<br />
<br />pru;;)i~i'1:~ \...hen lilt' !le,;-d\~G LLal',;t- i. k., T' ".'
<br />h(lp'~ th:.1 dIe t.l~k f-nrce or P;-o.:Cd le;llil ;~Wl i""
<br />organizallOll models presemed in this p~IJ-lLr. whi,h
<br />are rela[i\'e1~ con~t:rvatlvt" nH'ch:misms fur inlpf()\"lJ!g
<br />performance, GJll be readily ~'cif)p[eci, III :lrldilinl: ~'"
<br />feci thai t"xpliclI ;)((elHioll to rnanagt'll.-d IIIlKtil..n.....
<br />stich as decision making. coordinating. confliCl 1Jl;1l1-
<br />.agemem. and organiz;luoni:ll le<lrning. \\'iJl PICI\(-'
<br />hig-hl~ uscful bOlh f(lr (he urgem us" oj' end:.lrlgl'l nl
<br />~pr:cit's resLOr3uon ~nd for other cun"'tn~lll(lll 1":1'
<br />oc.:;,\'o::o.. \\"c lJ,)pl' 11:;1\ <11:1 !ICI~pl"~;i"l", t\l:I,~::,:ll,
<br />;.nol ~t'~~{'~:ij\p~ rl)~ illlPlt)\.(.,-l ~)('rfnnllall(C III 1",/
<br />cnng spene... ""ill l~ seri(lu~l\' <.onsidt'"red. db! ,J"'"
<br />~md apr1iul
<br />
<br />Acknowledgmentc
<br />
<br />The cdilOIia! ilo\'ice of Deni~e Ca:'L~ Jm:! .....nrl
<br />Harvey of the I'onhem Rockies COllSenatHlIl C<>ill'-
<br />er;Hi\'e. Cliff M~lnjld"l of" [ht' i\;jtional Pdl k Scr,lct"
<br /><:lnd R Gerald Wn~lll of Ihe Uni....ersity of I(LdIU 1;-
<br />sincerdyapllJ'ecialt't:!.
<br />
<br />Literature Cited
<br />
<br />.4.rg-\T1s. c.. :ill'~ Il .\. S-.::hon. 19:0 ();l,'<lnU;wClIl;i! k;lIfI tll!..;.
<br />.~:-\ :nln. ;,
<br />Ma<;s;Jchu~llS. ].1-1 p~".
<br />Behn. K D.. and J W. "<tupe!. IY~2. QUick analysis for bu...,
<br />decision m;\ll'].\. fb....J( Books, Ne"'" YorL.. 4JS pp.
<br />lkltS. R K. rli7H Anal~'sis. \>oar ann decision. \\'h~ mId),.
<br />genet: failures an.: 1l1('\'I\.lble U-'udd Poltrif.1 31:GI-WI
<br />Brindloc. \\'. D.. and ~f. T. COlJghlul. 1977. Managing Ol:~ I
<br />ni.....ltiom. Glcnu)(: /'rc~.~, EIlOllO, CaJlfomia_ 71f! PI'
<br />Brown. L. D. 1983. M;maging conflict at or~.miutiom.1 in.
<br />terf.dCt.~. Add".(llI-Wesky. Reading. M3.~.s.."lChLlscw;. :i-t~ J-lP
<br />Carr. A. 111. 19SG llllroduruon. GunJ Bali" NalUTUh"
<br />MnnnfT.I8:1-1.
<br />
<br />Cl~.: ,. \'" '9.~~ 1';"To'):...-j,-"1.~'>nln0-.;d,:lm!or~r1il.all'))l:l!
<br />'J;",::",,!I;)... "]'1:; I
<br />1()'(Hcd lc.:nt:ll.'--'C h'ulr"':/j L'll1J"":"\JU:~' 111 a'lU.'hJf J\'.-....\/,..'l)
<br />3:1-15.
<br />Cl.arl. T. W. I~Hfi. Cas('" slunies in ",,~Idlife polJ(~' education
<br />Rmr.ooUr Rt:5uurcc. jmmUJI (Autumn):11-1 i.
<br />ClarL.. T. W., and J. R. CI.1!:,'lln 19R9. Organization and maIl-
<br />agemclIl or endangerro species programs. In B. A. Wileo:\,
<br />;md oLhcr~ (('rl~). The: manil.l;CmCnl of \;ablc populallom:
<br />t..heory. app!ic;]tiom, and ca.se studies. Centcr for Conser-
<br />\'ation Biology. SUlIloro Uni\'(TSiT)'. Stanford. Califollli;1
<br />(m press).
<br />Clark. T. \\".. and :\. H.ln'e~. 198R. Implemcnun!; [ndalJ.
<br />ger("d Srecit:~ _4.(( p{!k~: Learning as .....e RO.~ Lru/o',!;rr,n
<br />S/Jf:(UJ Cf'dnJ. S(lOJ.:~:.-.I:.!
<br />Clark. T. W.. and S. R. hellen. 19::18. To.....ard:J poliq par,l'
<br />
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