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<br />"'Q;ler':i ((,n:ro::.:ed tw rnw:h \lnC~nillllty (e,g.,
<br />TushlilJn alh: N<'lcitT 1971:\, \VeS;nJlll J9~.;r)),
<br />Differem agencies and (oalition~ ",'ill face difffTcnl
<br />amounL" of ullcenilinty in each mre;uened or endall'
<br />gf're-d !'pecic< Cl"e. For t'x2rnpJe. cornpaH' the r("-
<br />Covel)' tasks of We threalened masked bob\\'hlle <..Judd
<br />(Colinw uirgi1lu11Iw Tidgwayi) subspecie~. ,.,:hose tholl'
<br />f,;-tnds of capti"e.reared young are released to 1he ",'dd
<br />each year, and tht" endangered bbd-footed lerret
<br />(MwtC~l 7l;~/}('d in earh' 19Rfi \\'hc/1 onl\' about I ~ 111-
<br />di\'idua/s \"ere knov,n [0 eXI"l. Fenel recovery po"'-
<br />seSSf.:S lIluch more uncenaimy dlld n~" 1hall <..Juail rc-
<br />cover... Ferrel reco\'ery demands that inform:mon
<br />processing Oe rapid, (he search f(lr recO\'e~' oplions IK:
<br />creall\'e and eXlensi\'e, and Ihe deCl5ioJl~ be ume" III
<br />the face of the weal uncenaint~' aboUl species' ft'-
<br />cover:'. In lhe quail case_ then' i~ n{l reJI r1<1Tlft'r (If
<br />losing- lhe subspecies, so inlC:Jrmation processing can he
<br />.!.Iower and routine-the time 3.\'adJbJe LO metl rt',
<br />cow'~' is g-re;l!t'r ;ilId decisions need nOI be made ;1"
<br />rapidl)'. COlllp~re (he ullccrtain{~' and nsi.. III Ihe:--c
<br />G1':it.'" ",.jttJ lraditional wildlife tasks il1vol\"lllg JIllI:lol'c
<br />or mule deer managemem, for exampk.
<br />
<br />Endangered Species Task Environmen:
<br />
<br />The "t:l.\k em'ironment" includt.'\ tht' jlll. to he
<br />dr'lIt', i ~ the n.,:slOr;uion or a ~!'l'l.i:..... .ll:d :..:.JI I'
<br />factors and forces that bear on iL<; c~l1lpletl(ln - bil ill ,;.,;'
<br />ical. organizational, and policy dimensions (fi!,'llrt: I).
<br />The grealer the uncertainlY of the [;jS" environmellt.
<br />the greatCf Ihe infonnation pr(){e~sin.l.: IH:ed<. of Iht'
<br />program, Lik.e m;'.lT1Y ecological problellh. t.'1ll1;tIlgen..:d
<br />species recovery contains multiple souren of tlnCt:r-
<br />taimv. Uncenaimy is ule difference beth eell what OIlC
<br />knows now and what will be needed 10 be "no\\'IJ
<br />(;thout how (0 requre a srx.-cies and I~ t'(osy~qel1l for
<br />recovery
<br />Orian<; and others (I~I.~)l;J ;.:";L,i ji,,!.' ."puret:., of Ull-
<br />certainlY in ecological s)'stems. First. complexilY ,,'ill
<br />exisl be(:..tll~e 1he rela1ionship Oetween the enci..mgered
<br />.species ami iL" oloJo6rieal and ph~'sicaJ cn\'ironmelll i..
<br />complex, Second, nawral \'ariabilit~, ,,'ill he pre~ent.
<br />The species, as well as other popubtiom in 1he en\'i-
<br />ronment, .....ill \'ar:' from location TO IOC.JIIOII ,;md O\'er
<br />time because of both inlrinsic pnx:es<;es and changes ill
<br />their en,ironment. Third. random \"ariJbiljf\' will eXIst.
<br />Man}' random forces act on populations. and I"I!,ub-
<br />lions behave in probabih~tlc rat he!" Ih:m ill Jelt lllllll'
<br />istic \..:a)"s_ FOUnll, errors of estlm.llti(lJl and mC;lSlIre-
<br />menl b)" the project learn \\.ill be un:l\'oidable and (;111
<br />be large. The nllmber of endangt"f' ldi\;duals will
<br />be smaJl, so sample sizes \\ill be snl;lll fifth. mere lac"
<br />('If kno\o.,'ledre aboUT I'.,.,. <",,,-; c' ."( I, ..' ,,,..-1 h"t,,,"in"-
<br />
<br />0025~O
<br />
<br />~ ~'I::"
<br />
<br />;,'- _,_ :'C':' ,
<br />
<br />L
<br />
<br />\'..:lljl\J~r.- rnlhluw, <:Inn r:rlJqr;~lHllr), Lonfr(ic,11 p:cl..!ic-
<br />UOIlS (f~)()U, It'(i,I\'L'f: ('i~~IC'IlS ~!r~ nOI pU:i<.Jl'k \,'i:hoUl
<br />o;:tcnsi\'(' "TlO....lt-dgl.. \\hICh m.l\" nm exist, and \\aillllg
<br />for Sl;HlSUcal SIg-IJilicance for deci"I:Jl1 m;ik.Jng rnCl~' bt"
<br />dangcn.1\J'" duc to IllIH::::-UH problems In sllIJII pnpul<i.
<br />lion persistence (i,t."" re!..ilC-U lO gelletic, demogrlJphic.
<br />and en\'ironmelll<ll stochasticl1~ l.
<br />Collectively. the'll' li\'e ~ourcn ll[ ull('ertJ.ilH~' p()~e ,!
<br />complex. rlin"r"c :lIld unSL.;lblc 1('( (/\err t:J.~,.j.,. Cfl\'iIOIl-
<br />menl. Fe'h', it ;111\'. I.Hlrt::.:!\IcrJci('~ h ill he <lblc to rle.\'clClf1
<br />cmd 1lI<J.IIIL;HIl ;i loclI.,ed. fkxihle {;jsk orient..ltion in the
<br />Llcc of !\IIClr lJrHtTI;lilll\, L.kc\\'i:-l'. unccl"l;llI\l~' CXl~\'"
<br />\,'ilhin Ihe org;HlIZLiuoll;t1 S~'Stt'lll\ th:1l dc,d \,'nll speclL'~
<br />recovery. Ol"g(lniz(;tll()n~ illcluol'" sever.:!1 ~ources of Ull'
<br />c(-="uHnt~'. Flrst.;.Ill ulg<Hlila[ioll'~ l'!l\'jlOIlIllCIH is e\lT
<br />changing as competing org-anizalions \'ie for control of
<br />oomainc; of ;lctjoll r("~()ur(e.", and puhlic le0timan-
<br />this is inler(;tgenc~ uncertain[\' (~ee Harvey 198i),
<br />Second, IIlall)" ill!f.:rp.<I] ....lre~se." add to org;mization.J1
<br />\"lC('n;til1l\.-(pJt':--ll"ll~ ;:ll~.\.ll \dlethe! leadership will
<br />be .adeqU<llt:', Wllt'lilcl dl'()~I'lll~ \\i!i Il(' IllcL,....,,''...: and
<br />lllJldy. ;iIld \du:liJt"1 10\111111(. 01 1(1(1 Illuch informalloll
<br />\\'111 L~ a\'ail<lult: 1(1 aid le;Hiers and decislOlI mt1kt:l~ III
<br />tkci..ioll lll;lkHlg--lhl.~ I'> illtr;l:I.~t'II( \ uncertainty.
<br />Becauc;(' of the live sourCCS oj U11(('rt;1l1lt~ in ecolug-
<br />ical sp.lerm ;llld l!'(" jll"! oj SOlll"n:s 01" Hltcragency an.d
<br />Jnlr<J;l.~en'.:y ('r:""" /,':lon:11 ll11llTlailll\". all III hef('llt" ill
<br />must t'IHbllgcleJ Sjll':Lle'i reu)\l"r~'"L.]~es, 3rtll ui;: /.f,( J \
<br />deSigned and Wcl~-mJIJ.'~~ I; llJI"orm:11 'on-proct.:s~irlg
<br />~yslcm.... are required to Illdllllllze orgJIlIz<:ltlonill nll~-
<br />lakes and LtiJul"n. As \\(;tT"\'l.'id (l9/~) :llid \';tfke
<br />(1/, (ll-~"ld.'t'd. tht' (lll.:.,...\Jl"n inClC<l..cd bureall-
<br />cratlz.atiull. ligidH~. comp:HUIlelllail/;!,ion, <:Iud C11I1-
<br />slT\'atisllI ill sudl Sllll;1tl(lll~ 1ll:.J~' lX' (lven\'liehllillg.
<br />
<br />Task-OrIented Organrza;lons
<br />
<br />MJn~' Impro\'emenu, in business <:Illd Hldu.~(l'~ ill TIlt
<br />bq fe\,' deCide" h;l\'e resulted from slll{lie~ (If pro-
<br />grams and l.heir management. and m:..tll)' gllideline~
<br />from these sturfie~ em he directl~. applit"d 10 impro\'ed
<br />I (:CO\'l'T} progralIl~ ~t',g,. Clar" :md Cragun 19o~n, ){t'-
<br />(o\'er)' programs ~ltouJd ue. firsl of ail, Las" orit'nLvl.
<br />H<:Jrri::,oll (1972) de5cribed rour rype~ of culLUral onl'J1-
<br />.Iatjons an org:mi/..<:llion ma~' slim\": po\"er. role, lasL or
<br />per~un cultures. A lx)\...;a-oriented cuhUlt: lnes lU
<br />dominate it5 lOLaI el1\'ironmelH and. \'anquish <ill uppp,
<br />Slllorl. A role-oriented cul1ure has exten....i,.e nr1f~.
<br />roles, ;md regulatiun and IS concerned \\'i1h its k~lli-
<br />rnacy. hierarchy, Slams, and s~'mhols of ':e.n~~, Thl~ i.";1
<br />typical bUI"C;llICra(\', Exce:""il\'e rell:lIlct'- (;n power and
<br />role.'" characu:nslic oj SUJlle agenCles ma~ increa!:>(' in-
<br />lernal efficiency, bur it does ~o at the expense 01 e;\.-
<br />I I'!"n;l I <"p... "\'f""><'_~'~~T~",fl;lh !'H-'''Iincr TlIJ\'~'1 nd.~
<br />
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