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<br />if. on some stated dny we would do as we do with Wu~lIlngton's
<br />address, find l'efl.d tllis opinion to the Senate and !lave llttelltion
<br />paid to It, it might be useful to tIle Seuate find qllit.~ fiS valuable
<br />as the reading of the address of tbe [l'ather of tiJe Country.
<br />. It 1s R nile or constl'llctlOIl ackllowledged by all thllt tbe exceptions
<br />frow a jlOWel' iIJ1lrk H" cxt('nt. fo\" It woul{l !J~ nbsul"(l, as well IU:< \Ise-
<br />less, to except from a gl"l\lItcd power tllltt whicb was not gmDte.d-
<br />thnt which the WOL'(lS of th-c grant could not cornpl'ehelHJ. If, thpn,
<br />there lU'C In t.he COlll>tltUUOll plain exception!:! from the power over
<br />Dllvlgnlion, plilln InhlhltloU8 to the (':te\'clt'.t~ of thflt power ia n partlcll'
<br />11II' way, It Is II Ill"(lo( thnt tllO!'>C who ml\de these ('l\.r<:>!)llobs Ilnd pre-
<br />scr'Il.lt'(l tlJ('sc IlLhlLJltlolls IIDdcl"8tood the power to willrll they Rpplied
<br />lLS h('jug' b'l'nnt.ecl.
<br />rl'lH~1l ile gors oh nnd argues it to some extent. I wIll read
<br />ol!c cln lll'iC here:
<br />'l'llc nInth !iedlon or the In!ll nl'l"1clc Ileclares that" No j11'pft'l'euce
<br />8hall \)(' Kivell, h,Y ally 1'('I~ulatlon M comrm:l'('.c or 1'('V('nl\C, to the ]>ort,s
<br />or one !-itate over thosc of lluotl1E'1'." '1'hts clause can nOI hc lln(lE'I'stood
<br />R~ applicable fa thORC Jaws only which 81'(' paRsed fol' L11e Inn'poses al
<br />revelHH', UCCOllSC' It Is pxpl'cssly appllcd to cOUlIDE'I'cinl l'cglllntions.
<br />~ 0) b . . ~ to
<br />Thc .r:clIlu8 Illld r1ml'llctel' ot the wholE'! Government l:Ieemcd to be
<br />thnt Hs nctlon Is to ur. uppllcd to all the exte\'11l1\ concerns of the
<br />ltl\t1011 1111..1 to those Inter'nul concerns whkh fl!Tect the Statcf: gen-
<br />ct'ally, hut not to those which arc completely wlthiu n plll"ticnlal' Statfi!,
<br />whkh (10 not IIfreet ,)thelr' StDtes, IInd with whlell It IS not neeeSSlll'Y
<br />to lrltCl'rCl'e fol' the plll'llOSe ot elxerutlng some of the g-enc]'nl Jlowers
<br />ll1' the (,ovel'llmellL 'I'he comllletely Inlel'ultl elommel'ce of n Statl',
<br />t!.HlU, Ull1Y be cOllsldcl'ecl us l'eO:{'l'\'ed fol' the Stnte itself.
<br />Bllt In l'eg-l1ht!lng- commerce with 1'ol'eig-u 1llltlOUS the powel' of Cou,
<br />~:('elSS ll(lef; not "lOll lit' the jl1l'Jsd1ctioUllJ lint's of th~ 8elveml Stlttes,
<br />It w0l11cl lie It vel'.v \1f;Clmls powel' If It could not tHIS:') tho:m lines,
<br />The COllllllCl'CC of the Oultet'! Stnte!3 with fOl'elgn IlntiQJ1s is tbat of
<br />the whule 1Jul(('tl SllltC'S i evel'.v (lIstrlct has [l rll\"ht (0 plIl'tldpate In
<br />it. The deep strelnms which pcnetrnte om' countL'r 11\ ~very dll'eetion
<br />pitas thl'OuAIl the intel'lor of almost every ~t:\tel In rhe Dnlon aurl
<br />fnrnlsh the nll':nns of exercising tbls l'lght. It COllgl'eSS hfU:l the
<br />pOWel' to I'cgl1lnlC' It, thnt power lUllst lie cxeL'clsed whcnCVCl' tile Rull-
<br />.icct t'xl~('s, If It (':t16b; wlthlu tile SUI tell, It II fOl'ci!-:1l \"oyng-e mllY
<br />('OlllmC1\l':e 01' tf!l'mlnn(c Ilt a pOL't wlthtn It Stote, then the powel' of
<br />CUllgn~~s mo.] he exercIsed within u Stnte,
<br />'l'hls pl'lnc pic Is, jf possible, stili mOL'C clell!' when applied Lo com-
<br />merce .. lImong tile sevel'nl Stl\tC's." They eltlJel' join ench other, III
<br />whIch cIIse thelY arC'. SeJlflL'ated hy II mnthematlenl line, Ql' they (I('e
<br />remole from elltch other, In which elllse other States lie between them,
<br />What Is cowmCL'ce .. n.monJ;" them, Rud how Is It (0 ill' conducted?
<br />elln a tl'udlnJ!; l.'xpe(lItlon hetwcen two IIdjolnlLlg' Btntes commence Itno.
<br />tcrllllnnlc ontFlldc or ellcll? And rr the tl'lIdlll~ IntNco\l1'!1C ile he tween
<br />two R(lltcS l'crnolel f1'om eaell OthCL', mllst it Ilnt ('ommCI1CC In OtiC, lcr-
<br />Dllllnll~ In tll(' othp.]', and pl'oiJnhly puss throtlE;"h nIhil'll?
<br />ComUlNCel nmOllg- the Stales mllst or necessity he commeL'ce wHII the
<br />13tll.t~.c::. In t111! I'cg-lllntloll of trnde wlth the Indinn tl'ilJCB, the action
<br />or In\V, cspelc1lllll' wlteln the Constthltlon WilS made, wn:'l chlefl.v wHhin
<br />n Stll!", 'file power or COD/1"r'css. then, whatever It mns be, fiust lle
<br />exc\"('tlle<l wltlllll th() tel'l'ltorlnl jl1l'1!1dlcUon of the sCI'emJ States, The
<br />sense ,)r tbe nntloll on thl!:! suhject 18 \melluiv{lrnlly mllnlfested b.y
<br />the 1\\"OvlFllons made In. thtl lo.W8 fOl' trnnspOl'tlnp: goodfl ily Inud
<br />ImllVl'ell B:llUmo\'e IIml ProvIdence, he tween t-.lew YOI'k 1\11(1 l'hlladeJ,
<br />Jlllln, nnd between .Phllnrl('lphla' ul1(l Baltimore,
<br />We l1l'e now l1\"rlV\~t'! nt.the InquIry, Whnt 18 tbls P(IWCl..... It I~ the
<br />:pow~1' to I'c:;-ulnle-t1111t Is, to IlI'CscrlbE'! the rille h~' whIch commerce
<br />IS to lJe g-ovel'uml. '1'hls power, like a.1I 'Ot1lel'B vested In Congn$s, is
<br />Coml)h.:!hl In ttllclf, mn,y he e'li:ct'cised tu Its utmt"Jst flxterlt, nnd lIclCllOwl-
<br />('llges 110 lImitllliona oOlel' thllu lire prllBcl'fbed In thel COllstltution,
<br />These lll'e Cxpl"ess('(1 In pili In tel'IDS, nnd do \lot nf(ee( till' (1\IC'sUons
<br />which Il\'isc In t.hls ellSel 01' whh::h hnve heen dlse\lsScd at tll'.! 1mI', . H,
<br />its Illl~ nh"llYs heen lIIHle~'"Stood, the sovereignty of L'ongres!O, t'JlUugh
<br />IIr\\i((:!d to appelfiprl oJI,l\lct!J: Is plenll]'Y os to thOlle ob.l('cts, the powel'
<br />over ('ornmN'ce with (otelKn nAtions IInd ntllong the selvel'lll ::Hfltc~ is
<br />,vcstp.d. In Congl'N's .aR nilsolutely OR It wonld ile in It gtlll';le goVel'llrneLlt,
<br />lLnvlng In Its cotJstltntlon 111(1 'Sn'nl{' l'c'strlctlons on the eX('l'ChlC of
<br />the llower nEt tll'i:! 10tmd .tn the Conetltutlon of tbe Un Iter! ~tnh's: The
<br />wladolll und thel discretion at Congl'ess, theIr Identity' with the people,
<br />1HftG-781G
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