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Martill Lit/oil. Founder of Grand Canyon Dories, Litton is an outstanding photographer and conservationist. In panicular. his photographs document the considerable changes to Lava Falls Rapid. After hiking in at Lava Falls Rapid to meet Mexican Hal Expeditions on sl;veml occasions in the early 1950s, Litton rowed the river for the tirst time in 1955 with P.T. Reilly. Litton currently is the oldest person to have piloted a boat through Grand Canyon. Carth Marstoll. Son of the river historian Otis "Dock" Marston, Ganh Marston tirst ran the river in 1942. He rowed boats for Norm Nevills in the 1940s and is one of the tirst 100 river runners through Grand Canyon. Unlike many of the Old Timers. Marston has continued to take trips through Grand Canyon and has experienced many of the changes directly. Tad Nichols. An outstanding photographer and cinematographer. Nichols recorded scenes of Grand Canyon for Mexican Hat Expeditions in the 1950s. His photography documents a wide variety of changes in Grand Canyon. panicularly in sand bars at Badger Rapid and Redwall Cavern. Nichols died in 2000. SlJ/ldr Nel'ills Reiff alld Woodv Reiff. Sandy. a daughter of Norm Nevills, was heavily influenced by her parent's river-running prowess. She has nm the Grand Canyon numerous times and possesses the photographic archives of her parents. Woody Reiff boated through Glen Canyon before the dam was built and was the National Park Service ranger at Lee's Ferry in the I 970s. He died in 1998. Bob Rigg. Bob and his brother Jim obtained Mexican Hat Expeditions with Frank Wright in 1950. Bob ran the river numerous times between 1950 and 1965, as an oar boatman and motor-boatman. He h"s a remarkable memory of specitic places and documented numerous changes to the canyon. Celie Shoemake/: A world-class scientist Shoemaker led USGS expeditions to replicate ' photographs from the second Powell expedition. The 1968 trip resulted in a book (Stephens and Shocmaker, 1987) that documents riverine conditions in Grand Canyon shonly after closure of Glen Canyon Dam. Shoemaker, who died in an automobile accident in 1997, was a world-famous geologist with considerable tield experience in Grand Canyon. Joall Nerills SID\'eley. The nrst d"ughter of N(,nn and Doris Nevi lis, Joan tirst ran the river in 1947. She later acquired Me.,ican Hat Expeditions with her then-husband, Gaylord Staveley. Jo"n has a . ~~&t. tK ~ngoing voice in the politics of the Grand Canyon .. region and has an active interest in preservation of river running memorabilia. Other Pre-Dam or 1960s River Runners Bill Beer. With John Daggett, Beer swam the Colorado River through Grand Canyon in 1955 and wrote a book about it (Beer, 1988). He loaned us photograph.s of Grand Canyon and gave us what information he remembered about his trips in the 1950s and 1960s. He died in an airplane crash in 2000. Boh ElIler. The archaeOlogist of Grand Canyon National Park from the 1 960s through the /970s, Euler spent extensive time along the Colorado River. He loaned us his photographs of the river and its tributaries as part of our work. Plagued hy poor health, he did not join the Old Timers' Trip and died in 2002. Barn' Co/dwari'/'. Goldwater first ran the river in 1941J with Norm Nevills and again on a motor trip in 1965. He graciously loaned us all of his photographs, stored at the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona. for use in our work. Gold\\iater died in 1998. DOli Harris. Hanis nrst ran the Colorado River in Cataract Canyon with Nevills in 1938. Besides having the distinction of being the second river runncr to successfully navigate all Grand Canyon rapids, Harris operated a commercial river-running company until the late 1960s. His 1939, diary is an excellent account of Grand Canyon rapids. He is one of the first river 100 runners through Grand Canyon. His photographs and a movie made of his 1939, trip help document changes in Lava Falls Rapid. Because of poor health, he did not accompany us on the Old Timers' Trip but was reunited with Lois Jotter "t Lee's Ferry before the starl of the trip in September 1994. PT. Reilly. P.T. Reilly was a Colorado River boatman and historian who is most noteworthy for his history of Lee's FelTY (Reilly, 1999) and his introduction of dories to Grand Canyon. Reilly made numerous high-water runs through Grand Canyon in the 1950s and introduced Martin Litton to Colorado River boating. He organized one of the first trips to publicize the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on Grand Canyon (Leydet, 1968) and championed against construction of "dditional dams in Grand Canyon. He lo"ned "II of his diaries to us as well as his extensive collection of photographs. P.T. died in 1996. 4 OBSERVATtONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE tN GRAND CANYON