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<br />o <br />-:) <br />c.,,;) <br />:. ,) <br />rv <br /><.0 <br /> <br />the electric power, recreatiOD, construction, IIId agriculture sectors of the economy due to the <br />restricted availability of water. These direct impacu, &'I weU &'I indirect impacts resulting from <br />the reallocatioD of resources \Sue to the direct impacts, occur at variOllll poin13 in time <br />throughout the time period of the study. <br /> <br />The time period defined for this study-I99S through 204O-it b&'led on several factors: <br />biological projections for fWlvery of the fIShes, availability of reliable data related to <br />ewnomic development plans for the region, lIIKI recognition that economic impacts in the long <br />term are diminished due to discounting_ The initial impacts of listing and critical habitat <br />designation are projected to appear in 1999, IIIId the recovery of the fishes ill expected to be <br />tomplete by 2020. 1l1u3, the defmed time period should capture all impacu of critical habitat <br />designation. <br /> <br />This study usea the input~utput (1-0) method of economic modeling to investigate the <br />impac1S of critical habitat designation on a defined region. 1-0 models are a way of describing <br />an economy by representing it as a series of liIIkagea amoDg various production seetor.!. Once <br />a model has been 1XI11&tructed for a particular economy, it em be ~ed to investigate .what if" <br />scenarios such as the impact of exogenous shocb to !hat economy-in this case, shocks <br />associated with critical habitat designation. A shock will have direct impacts: for example, <br />production of a partiallaT commodity will be all'tailed because a basic input (such as watel") <br />has becomc scarce. Bcc;auae of the liDkages in the ewnomy,a shock wiU also have indirect <br />impacu: for _pIe, lower production will affect employment and income ;11 that sector, <br />while the higher rost of a scarce colDlllodity meaDll thai less disposable income ClIII be Spall <br />on the producls of other seetOn of the economy. Ultimately, the shock is reflected in a change <br />in fmal demand for products of the regional economy. <br /> <br />The IMPLAN data &eta, which pennit colllltrucUon of county md regional-level models, were <br />used as a basis for this study. These data sets were combined with B\IrQU of Economic <br />Analysis (U.S. Department of Commerce) county-llNel employment projectioDf, which were <br /> <br />vi <br />