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<br />001492
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<br />INTRODUCTION
<br />
<br />The Pacific Southwest, as circumscribed by the Inter -Agency
<br />Committee on Water Resources, includes all or parts of Arizona,
<br />California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and
<br />Wyoming. The Colorado, San Joaquin, and Sacramento major river
<br />bas ins and the vast Great Bas in are pr inc ipal parts of the area. The
<br />Pacific Southwest is very large, exceedingly variable, and highly com-
<br />plex.
<br />
<br />This report is not applicable equally to all locations and condi-
<br />tions in the Southwest. Generally, it has greater application to the arid
<br />and semiarid areas. It has lesser application, or perhaps none at all,
<br />to the humid ar eas and to the higher mountain localities.
<br />
<br />In any river basin, water conservation, wise utilization, and the
<br />prevention of waste are primary objectives of Federal and State agencies.
<br />The farmers and ranchers who own and operate, or are tenants on the
<br />land, have a somewhat similar interest, but each must also show a profit
<br />in his operations. These objectives are especially important in the
<br />Pacific Southwest because much of the territory is arid or semiarid.
<br />Basin-wide water supplies generally are in short supply and have many
<br />claimants, including Federal agencies, State agencies, localorganiza-
<br />tions, and individuals. Water supplies are dedicated to beneficial use
<br />under State law and must serve many purposes, including but not limited
<br />to domestic, livestock, irrigation, power, industry, mining, municipal,
<br />and recreation. Multipurpose use of water is common and is becoming
<br />increasingly more important to satisfy existing demands and the pressure
<br />of new demands.
<br />
<br />There is more land in public than in private ownership in the
<br />Pacific Southwest. About 60 percent of the land is federally owned and
<br />administered as the national land reserve, the national forests, Indian
<br />allotments, reservation, and national monuments and parks. Public and
<br />privately owned lands commonly are intermingled in agricultural opera-
<br />tions. This situation permits frequent changes in operating unit boundaries.
<br />Generally, where there are large acreages of private lands, both intens ive
<br />and extensive fencing is practiced to maintain boundaries and provide one
<br />essential element contributing to good range management. Changing
<br />boundaries sometimes pres'ent.edtbe cn,eed for additional livestock water
<br />facilities. Fencing, where intensive, may show the need for greater
<br />numbers of facilities.
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