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<br />. <br /> <br />00254~ <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />concentrations in their water supplies. Calcium concentrations <br /> <br />pose a formidable problem in any desalting process and pretreatment <br /> <br />is generally required. The problem associated with concentrations <br /> <br />of iron and manganese also had to be considered, since they seriously <br /> <br />reduce the efficiency of both electrodialysis and reverse osmosis <br /> <br />systems. <br /> <br />A further problem of all desalting techniques is the dis- <br /> <br /> <br />posal of brine. Such disposal requires additional water inflow and <br /> <br /> <br />a final disposal point. One method of disposal considered, but <br /> <br /> <br />rejected, was to discharge the brine back into the rivers at the <br /> <br />state line. The solution finally adopted was the use of evaporation <br /> <br />ponds. <br /> <br />The study concluded that the technique generally yielding <br /> <br />the lowest water cost for all the selected cities is reverse osmosis. <br /> <br />It was also concluded that electrodialysis is a feasible technique <br /> <br />depending upon the specific nature of the water to be treated. For <br /> <br />two of the cities, a combination of an ion exchange process and a <br /> <br />reverse osmosis process appears to provide the lowest cost. <br /> <br />The study indicates that the cost for desalting water <br /> <br />with reverse osmosis in the various communities would range from <br /> <br />76 cents to $1.22 per thousand gallons. Based upon this cost range <br /> <br />and economic analysis. the study concluded that installation of a <br /> <br />-7- <br />