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"Out of this whole siLuation litigation started. One of the areas which had one of the oldest water rights in the area, the Buckeye irri- gation district, was not only being deprived of its water, but the quality had been materially deteriorated, That situation has now been taken care of by mediation proceedings, whereby this old district will be furnished some fresh water, so-called, by the Salt River Water Users Association. "The point I want to make--and I want to make it strong--is that there is trouble in central Arizona by this use and reuse. The water which has been diverced a short distance above the troubled area, at the mouth of the Salt River, is virgin water. I want you to get that: Virgin water; nobody has used it before; it is water right out of the mountains. But even the one or two times that it has been reused has deteriorated the quality of it until the salt concentration is 3,000 parts per million at the Bucl~eye heading. That condition cannot go on for- ever. It would be the same as if a person contmued to eat and did not eliminate; he would finally die. Some of these areas are going to die. The Salt River area began to return water to the stream by pumping. Somebody else took thaL return, is using it, is pumping it onto his own area, and is giving some of it to the lower areas. The water is getting to be of worse and worse quality, so somebody finally must disgorge to return the salts to the stream, and that will constitute the return flow that normally would come from that area. Such returns must eventually come from that area, and in the absence of bringing in new water, it will come by virtue of abandonment of lands which cannot take the water of poorer quality. "Let us go to this new water we are bringing into the area and see what we have as compared with that situation. "Senator McfARLAND. I want to quarrel with you a Uttle on that, but I am going to let you complete your statement. "Mr-,-T-fP'l'8N-;--A:!-I-right-;-RememtJertho.c-tlre-wa1ertl'iatat pre se nt is being used in Phoenix--'lhe first use of it--is virgin water. The water that will be used in central Arizona under these ultimate conditions that we are trying to envision, which probably will never happen, will be water that comes down from the upper basin and will have been used and reused many times. "The CHAIRMAN. You are assuming, now, these artificial works of diversion? "Mr. TIPTON. Oi;l, yes, sir; they must be built. "The CHAIRMAN. That is what you express doubt aboutnas to whether or not they will be? "Mr. TIPTON. No; I am thinking of the over-all situation. I am thinking, Senator, not only of this situation, where there will be only 1,500,000 acre-feet of water for Mexico remaining in the stream, but also the question, Will the United States develop to the point where -22-