|
<br />~ .' 6
<br />
<br />~,,\..;'
<br />
<br />HUMAN FACfORS
<br />:\1jningi,~ a '>Ourte (If lrace rnela[,,: urbaniz.llion I~ a Ml1.ln:c (If
<br />nurri"nt$iUW urg<Ulic chemica!..: ;ind agrit'uhurc is a;o;ource of
<br />{alinilY and nUlnents !O aquifers and ~treum~. and !tu~pended
<br />'i4'itimt"ntslo:strcams.
<br />
<br />II1It'fhasin walef tran'>fer'>. minlllg. urhaniJaIHIO. and a~m:ullurt"
<br />are the pnm:ipal hUr1l.lJ1 ;KII\llll''> Ihal alle('t "all'r ljuality in tht'
<br />UCOL ,>tudy unn. In Ih(' ,>tudy unll, Ihe'>e at.tivitit''> t"ll;I,:ur appro\l-
<br />mate[y in a dll\\mlre;ml order. Intcrha'>in waler tr.In'>fl'T'> are in Iht'
<br />he;ldwafl'r'>. minln~ t....Tur'> In Ihe fJ\oulll;tinou,> an';I'>. umaniJ;llinn
<br />i'> in the \'alley '> oj the St.uthem Rod.y :\"'ul1tain~ and Colnralln
<br />Plaleau. ;tnJ agricu!tuft' pn'Jomin.ll111y i,> In lhe 1 Jlky'> of Ihe
<br />Colorado Pl,tlCau
<br />
<br />Water Management and Use
<br />
<br />In 11I9}. Illlerhil'>lIl \1 iller lran'>ft'r,> lllg. ~l nlO1cy.:d .lhout
<br />5X5,llllllanc-fct'l III "aler II:! f'l'rl"l'nl 01 lht' a\cra~e ,Hlllua[
<br />'>lreamllow "fthe ha'>in) from Ihe UpJ.....r Clllor.ldo R:1\<.'r Ba'>lll
<br />10 Ihe South I'I.lllt'. RIO (;rande. ;lI1d Arkansa,> Ri\t'r R.I'>Ill.'>. Intn-
<br />ba.,>in "atef lfaJl'>ln,> gent'r;dly ,.....t.ur Ill~ar Ih.: '>lrt',lln Ill'athlafl'r,>.
<br />anlt Ihe amoUnl of ,>lrc;llntlol\ diH'r1I.J ell1 ho.' a ,>uh,>l;mlla[ part 01
<br />lhl' ,>lrearntlo" m:ar thl''>': ,>ourCt',>. By remo\ III~ waler from Ihl'
<br />'>y,>telll, inlerha'>in Willer lr;lIl'>kr,> dl'I'rea,>c Ihe dilullon capabllilY of
<br />th<.' '>Ir<.'alll'>. Tlw nUlIwrou,> rl''>I'T\t,ir'>. ",Il~'r di\I'r'>IPn,>. and
<br />municip;tl di,>dliirge,> tn the ha'>in {llg. -ll ;Jll~'r Iht' n.lIuml \'lrl'am-
<br />lit.", whil"h em alfct"! lhe ;Iqll;)ti~' h.lt>ilal and \1 ,llt:r qualil~ 1'1' lh~'
<br />'>tr~'.UI1,>. Fllr I'\ampk. rl''>I'I"\\llr,> 1'.111 trap '>I'dlnlenl and dl'IT.:a'>I'
<br />lr;lI'~'~ml.tal h1aJ,> tlo\l.n'>lre;llTl.
<br />
<br />
<br />-
<br />
<br />
<br />-
<br />
<br />-.....
<br />
<br />a".
<br />
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />all ""-'5
<br />
<br />I EXPlANATION
<br />I-
<br />i'
<br />I Murtit:lpIIldiK~g<lI..tllf'hlIn8SOllCt>t.I_pe<.,.....
<br />l~ Inlen..S;I'>_lertr_f.... g<lIele< thel'> 4.500 ecre.IMlpotryll'"
<br />,
<br />
<br />."".~
<br />
<br />Re'M...o. ~ele< than 50.000 -:;,..teet
<br />Wet'" di~ 9'Nte< then l00.lXlO ecre--fN1 Pe<"'''
<br />
<br />Figure -I, Major ....ate' slofages USE'S. and e'POI1S Jl'l the Uppe'
<br />ColofadO R,yP' Bason study urUl
<br />
<br />\'.';l\cr used in the '>Iudy unit predommanl[Y I'> from surface-
<br />water ~uurl"c,>: ho"c\".:r, ground "ater. "hich il("('Ount'> for abouI
<br />I pcft'enl 01 Ih\' 10lal waler u,>\'d in Ihe hasin. .'> imponilnl for
<br />Jome,>lil" u..... in rural clllllmunilic,>. Irrigallll11 I'> Iht" principal off-
<br />'>lreilm walt'r U'>t' mInt.' hil,>m. whK:h aecounl,',1 fl'r ;IOOUt 'n pcrccnl
<br />ofal! wal,'rU'>I' m 11J90.
<br />
<br />Land Use
<br />
<br />Rangeland and forC'>1 (I1~. 51 ar\: the prt'd,'mmant bnd u'>cs in
<br />the '>ludy unillaooUI X5 percent). Li\'e'>lod grilling.logglllg.
<br />,lIld ye;tf~rtIul1tl rt'ne;tlltlJ1al "t:ll\'ilil''> on rangelantl and fore'>t can
<br />afkCllhc \\Jlef ljlUltlY h) "ddlllg ,>\'Jlmelll'>, numenl'>, and olher
<br />t:on,>lituenl'>10 Ihl'"aler.
<br />
<br />:\klilllllllllng i,> alllJllptlrt.1ll1 ;tt:li\ll) lhJl oCt'ur,> III Iht'
<br />he;ld" "k'r arCJ'> ,11 lh~' ha,>ln. P;',>l and pre,>elll mining a(livilit.''>
<br />hil\'l' indU\kd lh~' ,',lr.ll"lion III olt'lal,> ,>ul'h..,> I'opf'l'r. gold.
<br />lead. l11olYNknum. nll:h'l. ,>ilver. \'an;IlJlUlll. ..nd line. Several
<br />IribuI;tri,''> 10 11ll' Colorado R:itt'r-thl' Blul'. Eagle. Roaring Fork.
<br />.md Gunnison RI\'er'>~r;lln onl' of Ihl' prul1;1ry tllt'lill-mining
<br />region,> in Colorado. Slrt'i1I1l'> in lht' h;I'>1ll ha\t' Pt.','n ..rkt:lcd hy
<br />r{linl~,>ourt:.: milll' di"l:hJfge and ll11llptlllll',>uurl'l' runoff from
<br />mined .1TI:.l'> (Went/. IlJ7~). Some ,>lream,> in Ihc ha'>in, '>Ul:h;t'>
<br />R:I'd .\lOUlllalll Creck (;I lribulary 10 lh.. L:ncfllllpilhgre R:i\'crl. art'
<br />afkl'k'd hy acid lllllll' dr;1lI1.1gl'.
<br />
<br />l'rh,1I111;1!i,)n I'> ,ilK' "f lhe '>IllJllel l,llId U'>I-'> in the 1lI,,'>tly rurill
<br />l 'ppcr Colurado R:I\er Ba'>in, H""t'\l'r. In '>('lIlt' mountain
<br />nlJlHllurulil''> 1ll1tw hl'ad\\atl'r,> Ill' lh.. '>ludy unll.lhe populalion i'>
<br />illl-rt'a,>mg al a r;lll' III ;thuu! III pt'rlTnl annu,llly I Hurt'au of Cen'>u'>.
<br />19lJ~1. I'\llllt ,,'url',',> fnllTl urhani/ali'lIllllt'ludl' di'>t'hargl' fnltll
<br />"a,>tcwillt'r-!r,'alllll'nl plant,>. kachall' frl'Tll '>I'ptil' '>yqellh. '>olld.
<br />"a,tt' di'>I'>I",II. k;lklllg ull,krgulund '>hlragl' lank'>, indu,>trial
<br />tll'>l"hargl''>, ;ll1d '>1\lf1l1 runlllL "hlch al"l i'> J nonptllnl '>llurt:"_ A[I
<br />lhl''>,' '>Ollrt'(',> POlt'l11l<1l1y l"an ,Iflc\'! the ,>urf;Il'I' and ground ".tlt'r hy
<br />adding nutric1\t'>, pt''>lil'ide,>. \ ,triou'> d1l'l1l1l';lk hydn...:art'lt'n,>. Irace
<br />dt'nwnl'>. ;md '>all'> dqlt'lldill~ upon till' '>f'l'ntil" ptlllll ,>(lurl"e.
<br />
<br />Agriculture. pr.:d"111111.1l11Iy In tht' ('I'lt'r;td'll'l<lk"IU phy,>iu-
<br />gr;lphlc PW\JIlI'l.", I'> an IInpon.t1lIIJlId u'>t' laht'uI 7 ptTI"Cnl of Ihi'>
<br />ph~ 'I<.grilrhll' pn" Illl"C I. 111l'rt' arl' '>I'\I'ral Jlt'1\'1l1Ial agril"ullur;tl
<br />tlllnptlllll-,>ourl"I' i'>'>lIt''> m lIlt' 10"I'r r~'gi(>n 01 Illl' h"'>II1. .....gricul.
<br />lur,.I,ICII\IlIC'> in lh,. ha'>lIlt:,llll'ilU'>I' Il11T,';J'><.',llt'\I'I,> ol"llinity.
<br />'>t',hlllr.'lll'>_ llUlril'JIl'>. f'l"lIl"idl''>. ;lnd ,,'k-nium and ,'lhl'r tracc
<br />del1l':Ill'> III rn'l.j\ Ill!:, \1,lIer,>_ wludll'.m ,1/k\"1lht' '>url;!c.:- and
<br />gr,'und,";tk'r ljU;llilY :111,1 ;1I.III,IIIl" 1'>101.., h'r e\;lfllrk_ irrigallPn
<br />rl'lunlll,.\h CJn illl"rl'.l,,' ',Ihmly In lIlt' '>urt.Il"I' anti ground watcr,
<br />pI thc '>ludy UIlJI. In aJJl1i"ll. partly t....:rilu". "r r,'u'I' 01 irngilllon
<br />",llt'r .lfId kal'hmg "I n;llur.llly t11:nlrTlng Irat'I'I'knll'nt, frl.m
<br />thl' ,oil'> and underlying '>h;lk "'.'tn.....L lTiJ..I' ,'kmenl'>. '>ut"h;l,>
<br />'>1'knILl/n. ,lfe prt''>I'nl m lhl' \\ ;lkr u'>,'d t,'r '!.1I11l''>ltl' and liTigatIon
<br />PUTpt"I''>. S\'kll1UIlll't'Ill'Cmr;lllt>n, ,Ire hl!:,h mlhl' 1I'"cr \alky' III
<br />111l' h"'IIl. \1 hit"h ;lhl' C;lt1 ho.' ;I Ctlnt"I'm for proll'l'lion ollJ'>h anti
<br />\\,UITftl\\I. In tll\' '>I'J1lI<lri,1 It. .lriJ dim'llt" ollh,' ('o!l'r;td,'l'lall'au.
<br />'t1'I.....nd..d '>,'dmll'nl m Ihe '>Irc,un'>. ,I'> .1 rl',>ull "I '>1'thll1l'IIII'ro'>ion
<br />h\ "lilt! ,m.! "atn. C,\Il ht, Illrr.'a,>\'d t>y .1~Tl(ultural .Icli\ Hi.:'>,
<br />
|