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<br />Appendix B
<br />
<br />Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout (Onc;omynchu6 clarld vlrelnali6)
<br />
<br />This subspecies is I1Ire throughout its original range in Colorado and New Mexico, Two forms of the subspecies exists
<br />_ one in the Rio Grande proper in Colorado and New Mexico, and the other in the Pecos River in New Mexico. This
<br />subspecieslive5 in high mountain streams, usually in the headwaters. The best waters are from B,ooO-10,ooO feet in
<br />elevation. The gradient should be less than 10%, preferably 3-4%. This subspecies is susceptible to angling pressure,
<br />so areas with little access are preferred, This species evolved without other salmon ids present, so it does not compete
<br />well with other trout species. Therefore. the presence of a barrier to keep other trout from inhabiting the area is
<br />necessary, All trout are opportunistic feeders that feed on many organisms, but invertebrates. both adult and drifting
<br />larvae, are the primary food. Invertebrates of terrestrial origin also make up a large part of the diet. These
<br />invertebrates are a result of healthy riparian areas.
<br />
<br />Four different kinds of habitat are necessary for survival:
<br />
<br />" 1.
<br />. 2.
<br /> 3.
<br /> 4.
<br />
<br />Riffle areas with clear gravels for spawning,
<br />Areas with slower velocity and protective cover for rearing, such as in side channels, along the stream. and
<br />in springs,
<br />Areas with slow and fast water interspersed, These areas should also have instream structure for hiding
<br />cover and slowing down the water for resting,
<br />Slow deep water with protective cover for overwintering,
<br />
<br />T1eer Salamander (Aml7y6toma tierinum)
<br />
<br />T'iler salamanders range throughout much of N )rth America. The species ranges throughout Colorado at elevations
<br />up to 12,000 feet. Tiger salamanders occur in virtually any habitat as long as there is a body of nonflowing water
<br />nearby for breeding, They inhabit ponds. lakes, and reservoirs from 10 feet across to several acres. Sunny,
<br />mud-bottomed ponds at least 1B-24 inches deep with a shallow beach-like shore seem to be preferred, They are
<br />usually not present in waters inhabited by predatory fishes, bullfrogs, turtles. and crayfish. This species is often found
<br />at night after heavy rains, especially during the breeding season, They live beneath debris near water or in crayfish
<br />or mammal burrows, They usually spend the winter underground in rodent burrows, In spring. from April to July
<br />depending on the weather, the salamanders return to the breeding ponds, The adult salamanders eat snails, bugs.
<br />beetles, larval mayflies, dragonflies, caddis flies, midges, earth worms, small mice, and amphibians, The small larval
<br />stage feeds on midge pupae, and large zooplankton such as water fleas, copepods, and larval midges. Large larvae
<br />eat any animal from snails, large zooplankton, fairy shrimp, amphipods, aquatic insect larvae. leeches. tadpoles of
<br />frogs. amphibian eggs, and smaller salamander larvae. Known predators of the tiger salamander include garter
<br />snakes, bullfrogs, turtles, trout and bass, ring-billed gull, green heron, ducks. crayfish,giant water bug, raccoon, and
<br />coyote.
<br />
<br />The subspecies mavortium and nebulosum occur in the San Luis Valley.
<br />
<br />BIRDS
<br />
<br />~Iack Swift (Cypeelolde6 nleer)
<br />
<br />Black Swift are found in areas with rQCky cliffs available for nesting, varying from ocean cliffs to mountain ledges,
<br />Foraging birds range at high elevations over most montane and adjacent lowlands. The swifts nest in small
<br />colonies, from 5 to 15 pairs, on a ledge or cave, or in a crevice or ledge on a sheer, high, moist cliff face near or
<br />behind a waterfall or over a pool.
<br />
<br />B-2
<br />
<br />(, '2513
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