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<br />\V <br /> <br />Appendix B <br /> <br />Pygmy Nuthatch (51tta pygmaea) <br /> <br />Pygmy nuthatch are found primarily in ponderosa pine forests. particularly in older stands. This species is principally <br />a secondary cavity nester, although if no cavities are available it will excavate a cavity in a soft snag. The preferred <br />species in order of preference, for nesting are: mature ponderosa pine. aspen and Douglas-fir. Rarely found in <br />spruce-fir. Douglas-fir, or pinyon-juniper stands, The nuthatch feeds by gleaning the outer branches of mature trees. <br />The average size of the breeding territory is three acres, <br /> <br />Ukely breeder on the Forest. <br /> <br />Three-toea Woodpec;ker (P1coidee tridactylue) <br /> <br />The three-toed woodpecker primarily inhabits spruce-fir forests of the West, but where insect populations are high <br />it may also occur in ponderosa pine. douglas-fir, aspen, and lodgepole pine forests. At all seasons and elevations, this <br />species is most common in years and areas where trees have high insect populations due to disease or fire, Nest <br />cavities are excavated in trees with heart rot. typically recently dead trees, Spruce-fir forests are preferred for this <br />species for nesting, These birds may excavate more than one cavity each breeding season. Snags at least 12 inches <br />dbh and at least 15 feet high are preferred. Snag densities of 1 per 5 to 7 acres are desirable, Clumping of snags may <br />be beneficial. Night roosts during 1he breeding season are in cavities in very decayed, broken-10pped dead trees. <br />Roosting habitat during winter has not been documented, <br /> <br />In Colorado, the three-toed woodpecker consumes spruce beetles for 6S percent of its annual diet and 99 percent of <br />its winter diet. Mature and old-growth trees are preferred for feeding. <br /> <br />Large tracts of decadent forest stands may be required to support individual three-toed woodpeckers, This species <br />may be susceptible to local extirpation by forest management that leaves inadequate numbers of dead or decayed <br />trees, Until more information is available on this species, large tracts of unlogged, decadent habitat should be <br />, identified and managed for three-toed woodpeckers. <br /> <br />This unusual bird is seen in spruce-fir forests year-round. In winter, it is seen primarily in the pinyon zone. The <br />three-toed woodpecker has been seen throughout the Forest <br /> <br />White-faced 1I:1le (Plegadie c;hihi) <br /> <br />This species nests in large freshwater marshes, Nesting colonies are located in shrubs and low trees or in dense <br />standing reeds and tules near or in marshes, They feed in shallow ponds, marshes, irrigated lands, and wet meadows, <br /> <br />About 60 pairs recorded in the marsh area of Trites Lake, Saguache CO, in 1 940. There are also nesting birds in the <br />Russell Lakes area, In 1989 more than 20 were seen at Wright's ponds. They are a summer visitor and breeder in the <br />San Luis Valley. <br /> <br />(,' 1'):"17 <br />., j'" \J <br /> <br />8-6 <br /> <br />!~ <br />