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<br />23. Alley, W.M., and Veenhuis, J.E., 1983, Effective impervious area in urban runoff modeling:
<br />Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 109, no. 2 (Feb.), p. 313-319.
<br />
<br />Methods of estimating impervious areas are described and some effective impervious
<br />area data is summarized. The ramifications of effective impervious area concepts in
<br />urban runoff modeling are analyzed. Results from many urban runoff models are
<br />sensitive to the value used for impervious area. Large differences in results can be
<br />obtained depending on whether total impervious area (TIA) or effective impervious
<br />area (EIA) calculations are used. TIA may be appropriate for black-box models but
<br />not for deterministic ones. Potential problems of using TIA in the more deterministic
<br />models include: runoff volumes and peak flows may be largely overestimated for
<br />ungaged watersheds; simulated changes in runoff, on a percentage basis, due to
<br />increasing intensity of land use may be smaller if TIA is used rather than EIA; and
<br />overestimates of the infiltration rates are likely if the model is calibrated using TIA
<br />and measured rainfall-runoff data. Impervious area data collected from 19 urban
<br />watersheds in the Denver metropolitan area suggest a large potential exists for
<br />developing relationships between EIA and TIA for an urban area, either through a
<br />regression equation between the two variables or through estimates of the ratio EIA-
<br />TIA as a function of land use.
<br />
<br />24. Anderson, A., Miller, G.c., and Noonan, W., 1989, The Platte River system: a resource overview:
<br />Denver, Colo., U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service.
<br />
<br />25. Anderson, D., 1991, Overview of surface water quality of the South Platte River Basin (abstract
<br />only), in Woodring, R.C., ed., South Platte resource management: finding a balance: Fort Collins,
<br />Colo., Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, p. 23.
<br />
<br />26. Anderson, R. L., 1983, Discussion 'Municipal water supply restrictions as urban growth
<br />constraints: by W. B: Lord: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 19, no. 1, p. 131-133.
<br />
<br />In the original paper (Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 18, No.2, P 271-277, 1982) the
<br />idea was presented that limiting water supply does not inhibit urban growth.
<br />Various studies were cited to show that growth occurs in areas where water
<br />supplies are limited. The argument is stated that industrial and commercial growth
<br />can be accommodated within existing municipal supplies if residential demands can
<br />be reduced. The discussant maintains that the suggestion to homeowners that lawns
<br />can survive on 70% of the water they are capable of taking up is illusory; that to put
<br />watering or waste of water on lawn watering on a gallon-per-day basis is clearly
<br />inaccurate and misleading, as residents in Colorado's Front Range cities water their
<br />lawns only rarely at present anyway; and that raising prices for water could turn out
<br />to be a lawn tax, with far reaching effects on the older, fixed-income area residents
<br />rather than on new members of the community. The discussant suggests that the
<br />Denver Water Board pursue its historic course of expanding the water supply.
<br />While this course has been criticized by certain environmental groups, the disrupting
<br />effects of this course are no worse and perhaps less burdensome than depriving
<br />urban areas of adequate water.
<br />
<br />27. Anderson, R.D., 1978, Summary report on the water quality investigation of the South Platte
<br />River, July 1, 1976-June 29,1977: Denver, Colo., Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality
<br />Control Division, 51 p.
<br />
<br />12 Bibliography of Water-Related Studies, South Platte River Basln--Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming
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