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Summary of Major Findings 5 /-4 CD CO ~ must be sent directly to an ocean outfall via a brine line. Thus far, capital costs for the brine line from the upper reaches of Riverside County are $50 million, Anotber $30 million in capital investment is being planned. Current yearly O&M costs for the brine line are $6,1 million, and tbese costs will rise to $10.8 million before 2010. The second regulation requires tbat tbe water injected into tbe coastal sea water intrusion barrier of Orange County bave a salinity level no greater tban 540 mgIL and meet drinking water standards. As a result, the entire cost of Water Factory 21 (an advanced waste treatment facility including desalinization) is at- tributed to salinity control. Tbus tbe expended capital cost of $16,2 million (witb an average $50,000 yearly capital expenditure) and tbe an- nual O&M costs of about $2.9 million c"n be considered as salinity damages, Increasing salinity remains an issue in tbe Santa Ana watersbed, Desalting plants are being planned or projected for future construc- tion in three areas - witb a potential capital cost of as much as $58 million and annual O&M costs up to $21 million. Two of these plants will be necessary for water supply purposes, one may be necessary to successfully implement planned water reuse programs, Finally, tbe Regional Water Quality Control Board bas the autbority and willingness to order the purcbase of alterna- tive water supplies for blending purposes. Sucb purcbase, presumably from tbe California State Water Project, could cost up to $Ul million per year by 2010. From these data, an annual estimate of policy-related damages bas been developed: $7,950,000 for annual capital costs and $24,600,000 for annual O&M costs, or a total of $32,550,000 annually. Damages to Industry The area of industrial damages from saline water is another in which insufficient data exist. However six studies list water quality criteria for different types of industrial processes. Tbese criteria range from -0- TDS for high pressure boilers to 35,000 TDS for once-through cooling. By using data from COllnty Bllsiness Pallems for tbe major counties in the study area combined with tbe projected TDS levels in tbe Colorado River and tbe current average TDS levels in metropolitan areas, it is possible to estimate salinity damages for two groups of industries - food processing and paper mills. n" Censlls of Waler Use in ManllfaclI/ring [1982] provides water use data for tbese two industrial groups in California and the Lower Colorado River Basin, Thus the industry, its location, and its average annual water use for processing and production can be estimated. Tbe water quality criteria for such industries ranges from 500 to 850 mgIL TDS for food processing to 80 to 1080 mgIL TDS for paper mills. By subtracting the baseline (any damage that migbt occur without Colorado River water) from tbe current damage level, the amount of damage attributable to tbe Colorado River can be determined, Tbe assigned levels at wbicb damage can occur, derived from tbe liter"- ture, and tbe calculated capital investment and O&M for desalinization provide the basis for 1986 damages that occur beginning at 500 mgIL TDS, Tbus the annual damages range from $6.1 to $15.8 million, as calculated using alternate baseline levels of salinity (500 mgIL and 334 mgIL) and tbe 1976-85 average salinity level of the Colorado River. Summary of Salinity Damages Previous studies, relying on even more limited data than tbe present study, have reported total salinity damages by category (i,e., agricultural, municipal) in terms of specific an- nual values or in terms of dollars of damage per mgIL of TDS. Salinity damage estimates are based on material too complex and data too in- sufficient to warrant selection of a single number called "economic damage of salinity," Instead, damages should be shown as a range of values that more truly reveal tbe uncertainty or variability resulting from the data limitations. This is tbe recommended format for using this research and computer model. Tbe total damages from Colorado River salinity range from $310,8 million to $831.1 mil- lion annually based on the 1976-85 average level of river salinity and the two selected baseline values. Figure 1 shows tbe annual damages based on the lO-year average salinity using the 500 mgIL base. Figure 2 shows the annual