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<br />00lJ3n <br /> <br />of construction, while the rents tor housing double <br />or triple. <br /> <br />C. GUIDELINES FOR LAND USE AND HOUSING <br /> <br />In dealing with the problems of land use and hous- <br />ing, the following points could serve as guidelines for <br />communities: <br /> <br />The planning process will be useful to the com- <br />munity no matter what happens. If the project is <br />not built, or is radically different, the plans them- <br />selves may not be useful. But identifying com- <br />munity problems and resources, setting goals and <br />objectives, adopting land use controls and setting <br />up a system tor cooperation will be of long-lasting <br />value. <br />For most projects, the employment and population <br />of the construction phase is higher than tor the <br />operating phase. Permanent housing and facilities <br />should be provided only for the level of population <br />expected after the project is built, and not for the <br />construction phase. Mobile homes should not be <br />denounced, but accepted as the logical way to <br />provide temporary housing. Attention should be <br />directed to the improvement of mobile home and <br />mobile home park standards. <br />Temporary facilities and services should be utilized <br />for the construction phase whenever possible. <br />Package sewage treatment plants and module school <br />classrooms, contracts with State agencies for <br />temporary staff, and other short-term solutions <br />should be considered. <br />Added growth may be accommodated in several <br />ways: <br />a) growth in existing communities - there are <br />numerous examples of this. Often this result <br />just happens, but it was a conscious decision in <br />the Shetland Islands - to disperse project <br />workers among present residents and improve <br />the towns; <br />b) create a new town - this may be required when <br />the project is remote from existing communities. <br />New towns are now proposed for several current <br />projects, but none has been created to date; <br />New towns are very hard to plan and finance, <br />but the end result may be a superior product; <br />c) build a company town - this was the practice <br />for many coal and mining projects in the past, <br />but is not common today. <br />Land use and housing elements are required of all <br />HUD 701 Comprehensive Planning Program grantees <br />to be eligible for funds in and after 1977. This <br />planning should be coordinated at the areawide <br />(sub-statel district level with the plans of all cities <br />and counties within the district. Furthermore, it <br /> <br />is intended to include and coordinate with the <br />planning efforts going on at the same time funded <br />by the Environmental Protection Agency (208 <br />wastewater planning) and by the Office of Coastal <br />Zone Management. <br />Land use controls to be considered include: zoning <br />ordinances, planned unit development, sub-division <br />controls, mobile home park standards, growth <br />boundaries, and service areas for water and sewer. <br />Recognize that it may take one year to plan and <br />another year to pass the appropriate ordinances for <br />land use control. <br />Land use controls are useless without enforcement, <br />which requires adequate staff and money. <br /> <br />D. IDEAS FOR LAND USE AND HOUSING <br /> <br />While many impacted States and communities have <br />had serious problems with land use and housing im- <br />pacts, there are examples of actual experience which <br />may be useful. As with all the ideas in this publication, <br />these may need modification to fit the situation of <br />your community. <br /> <br />State Plans: Council of State Governments <br />With increasing concerns over the preservation of <br />environmentally sensitive areas, the management of <br />growth and need to produce and conserve energy, <br />States are becoming more involved in creating State <br />plans. These plans generally focus on issues of state. <br />wide, or more than local, interest and concern. A <br />State plan often includes the following elements: <br /> <br />Growth statement or policy, by the Governor or <br />Legislature; <br />Collection of data, determining the environmental, <br />characteristics of the land and water, and the social <br />and economic characteristics of the people; <br />The concept of "carrying capacity," determining <br />the ability of land, air and water systems to support <br />population and economic activity; <br />The setting of overall development criteria, and <br />assuring that local government powers fit into a <br />comprehensive development plan; <br />Equitable implementation and financing systems. <br /> <br />A comprehensive study of State growth and land <br />use policies and plans - present and potential - has <br />recently been completed by the Council of State <br />Governments, Task Force on National Resources and <br />Land Use Information and Technology, for the Depart- <br />ment of the Interior. <br /> <br />Reference: Final Report, Land: State Alternatives <br />for Planning and Management <br />(No. RM-5491 $4.00. <br /> <br />20 <br />