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<br /> <br /> <br />the federal story <br /> <br />III 194~. after nearly a half CentufY of ('\"JIU.Hill!! <br />the !,:rowin~ water pollution problems. the SOth <br />Congrc~~ passed the hil'Jrtisal\ \\'ater Pollution <br />Control .\ct and placed i[~ administration ill the <br />PublIC Ilcalth Sen"jcc. Prinr to this lime. lTlOTe <br />t11all 100 bills had ht'l'n introduced for considera- <br />tion. The 19-ts .\ct delineated the principle of <br />Statc-Ft.Jer.ll coorerati\"c pWl':rams and pro\"ideJ <br />a FeJeral role (,f Tcsearch. technical ;Issistallce. <br />limitt,J authorit)' o\"cr intenla[c waters, and hn.:lI1. <br />cial aid. <br />111 19.'4 the President rccommcnJt'J tn:it ('('II. <br />JZTt."SS enact rermJIl('1I1 FeJt'ra] watt'r p(;]luti(on <br />control ]ct:is[atio!l. ,\ftl'r two years of stuJr and <br />debate by bnth J louses. lhe Conllress (,'n.\I:I('..1 <br />Public I.a\\ (,(,Il thl' FeJeral \\".:Her Pollution COIl- <br />trol,\[1. Tht' 19~fi ,\ct illlpro\ed anJ extended <br /> <br />Congressi 0 nal <br /> <br />the Federal prollram, addin~ the principle of Fed- <br />eral ~rants 10 municipalitit's to assist in building <br />needed S('wal{t' treatment works. <br />Lonll bdore the 1945 Act was passed, the Public <br />Ilealth St'r\'ic<.' was ell,Kal:cJ in HuJi<.'s of tht' <br />pmolt'ms of water pollution, These 11,1.1 their <br />fWlliullings at the turn of IIll' century whl'lI thc <br />dark shadow of \\aH'rborJll' discast' still fell across <br />tllt'land. The Puhlic Ill'a!th St:r\'ice ;\..:t of 1912 <br />.ll'J\'C specific :I\ltllflrit} In conduct survcys and <br />HuJil's of \\.:ltt'r pollutioll, particularl}' as it <br />,1ifeCled the he;dth of man. Early TC'sC'arch anJ <br />illn.stig:lllnns prn\'iJ...d tilt, hasis for technical <br />scn'ices tn local. Stal('" and Fedt'ral all('"ncies that <br />are Hill all essenti.11 pan nf Iht, Puhlic Health <br />SC'rvicf:' prol"r<lm, <br /> <br />policy <br /> <br />In authorizin.ll' a Federal water pollution control <br />pro):"ram, tht, Con!"ress made it clear thai pri,nllrY <br />resrnmib;lit~- in this held re-HS with the Slates, <br />with the Federal (;(Hemment in a supporting role, <br />In both the 19-1"; and Iq3fl laws, it is Jt'elared to <br />he the r<'li(~.. of the Con~re~s "to r("co~nize. rre- <br />sern', .:lIlJ pf('t~ct the rrinl,1ry responsibilities <br />and ri!o!'hu of the Stales in eOll!rolling Water <br />pol1ution," The 1q36 law adds that "nothin!<, in <br />this ..\ct shall he COllstrue-J as lmralrlll~ or III any <br /> <br />6 <br /> <br />lIlalln("r arlectinJ<' any ri,l!"ht or juri~diction of the <br />States with resr("et to the Waters (ineludinJ<' <br />houndary waters) of such States," <br />The new ,\ct further declares it to be the policy <br />"to surport ,lIlJ aid technical reseMch relatinJ.! <br />to the rrC\'elltion .lnd c(lll!rol of water pollution, <br />and to rrodJe Fedt'ral technical sen'ice-s and <br />hnancial aid to ~tJte and interstate d!l'encies and to <br />municipalities in c(lllnectiflil with the pre\-ention <br />alld control of water pnllution," <br /> <br />