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<br /> <br />(2010) imracts <br />RecIamat iOIl and <br /> <br />of <br />the <br /> <br />."ilJ ini ty. <br />USDA. <br /> <br />These sturlips are <br /> <br />being conducred joint ly <br /> <br />by <br /> <br />3. Ueal th <br /> <br />The Environmental Protection AgPllcy. Dr ildring V.1{P! Office, HeRlth <br />10-0. I mpcl('I.S I.aborillol-Y sponsored a canterellce in /'If1Y 1984 1m lllo/gallics in <br />~ Drinl.-ing Vate," and Cardiovascular Disease. The conference 'Jas dil-ected by Dr. <br />D Ed\Jard Calabrese. one of the origillill Uni ted Stales researchers in the lealm <br />(.J of the health impaC'ts of sodium. It \Jas the study by Drs. Cillahrese and <br />Tuthill concerning schoolchildren in t\JO Massachusetts commllnities that <br />spar-ked the illitiation of milny studies around the ....orld. <br /> <br />In the study by Drs. Calabrese and Tuthill. il difference of 2 to 5 <br />millimetel-s (mm) menul-y of blood preSSllre ....as found bet\Jeen third graders <br />\Jith a dl"inking :..rater supply of about 10 mg/L sodium and those drinking \Jater <br />of about 102 mg/L sodium. <br /> <br />Sllbser]uent at tempts by Drs. CaL'Ilne...e anrl Turhi It to val inate these <br />results ....ith other grOllps or by other methods (bottled \ldtel) have proven <br />inconclusive. Studies reponed from the Netherlands did SUPPOI t findings of <br />slightly elevated blood pressure among schoolchildl'pn consunJillg high sodium <br />\later, but mOst other studies ....ere either- inconclusive 01 shoved that thete <br />\Jas no effect. <br /> <br />T....o areas of concern ment ioned rluring the disC'lISsiOllS vere the use <br />of zeolite vatel" softeners on Ihe kitchen cold ....ater filllcet and the cooking of <br />vegetables in high sodiurll \J;Her. as the vegetables could ilbsorb liuge <,mounts <br />ot sodium during cookinR". In most C,l.<;es. avoidance of thpse '....0 actions ....ould <br />be mOI-e significant thitll any reduction ill ca\J ....atel concentration. <br /> <br />A signi ficant coneJat ion tlPt....een higher- hlood plessure and <br />increased c<u"diovascuJar disease mortali ty ....as pn:'.~f>nted at the conference. <br />The link bet....een sodium and high blood pressule ....as, ho....ever. ....eak. <br /> <br />concluded <br />beneficial <br />to absorb <br />as cadmium <br /> <br />Othel confelence discu~sion~ on hard versus soft wHer primarily <br />that soft ....ater ....as not harmflll. hut hard ....ater contained some <br />property, possibly calcium. ",'hich rerluced the ahility of the body <br />trace metals and thus 10l0;ererl the nverall exposure to sllch elements <br />and lead. <br /> <br />Additionally. ....hile 'Jater softeners are uSeful in rentlcing pipe <br />scaling and SO<lp wo:age, it \Jas stressf'n by SPvf.>ral speaker$ thi'lt a bypass <br />shoulcl be pl.lceu 011 the kitchen cold ....atE:'1 tilp. the tap mUSI Useu t()t drinking <br />and cooking ....ater. to maintain a cel taill level of hardllf'ss. <br /> <br />Other papers focllsed plimarily on the health effects of <br />barium. and lead in drinking ....Atet. E::ridemio]ogic<ll $ludies seem to <br />that bi'lrium hi'ls no effect on c<lrdiovasculi'l( disense helo.... <l level of <br />mg/L, \Jhile cadmium and lead do havE' a definite adverse impact. None <br />elements are present in any significant concentrations in the <br />reaches ot the Cololado Rivel. <br /> <br />cadmium. <br />indicate <br />about 10 <br />of the$e <br />m<lin Stem <br /> <br />IV_) <br />