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<br />/ <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />. <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />for !-:Ollle J.HlI'}Iose:-;. hut ill 1II0=-,t re:ol'ed~ !o;o\t'I'l'igll. t Chief Jus- <br />tice -:\Inl'~hall in Rtnl'ges \'. Crowllinr-:hield. .j, "~heat.~ 12~, 192.) <br /> <br />"Reff~I'CIl('e has been IIHlllc to the politic';.ll Kihwtioll of these <br />State:-:. anterior to it:-. (CoIl!-'titntion) formation. Jt hu!". hee'll <br />said tfwt the,\" wel"e so\"creigll, wpre completely ilHlel'cndcllt. and <br />wel'e NHlnectt'd with e.wh otllC'l" only hy :l leaglH-'. rrhis is tl'ue.~1 <br />(Chh...f J\l~th'l;-', 'Ial":-:hall in Uihholli<. \". O~den~ H \\'heat... 1~ 187). <br /> <br />"The l),llitP(] State:-: arc r-:()\"el'eig11 ..IS to all the JlOW(~I"H of <br />rIorel'lllllellt udunlh slll"l"enclcl'etl. Enth State in the t:ninl1 i~ <br />!-Io\'ereigll at-! to a.ll t.he I'OWCI'S )"c!'ieITed. It must nel'es:-Olll"ily he <br />~O. hetallSe the T.~nite(l ~tates. hare no claim to any HlIthol'ity hut <br />!'llldL as the ~tat('s h~"'e sUI'rellllerl't! to thelll, Of t:olll"se, the part <br />not sllrrelH]'ered II1Ust I'CIIHliu ns it did hefore." (Chisholm '". <br />(;t'OI'gia, ::! D.III., 4HJ~ -i~:5.) <br /> <br />"III Allll'l'il'a the pOWl'I':-O of :-oon~l'eig-llty al't~ (lidde(l hetween <br />tilt' (;O\"enllllcnt of tll(': rnioll amI thofo:.e of tile Btates. They nrc <br />('<u.h !-'lwcI"cign with !'espe('t to the ohjeds 4..:0 II 11 II it.t"cll to it; <lml <br />neithef' ~on:,r('ign with '"esl'ec:t to the ohjed:-;. l'Ollllllitted to the <br />othef'" (Chief .J\I!-Itke ~J;\I.!,.;Jlall ill :\JI.Cnl1ueh y. )Inrylnnd, "1, <br />Wheat.. :un, 4111,) <br /> <br />"T'lIllel' thc _\l'tkJes of ('onfedel':'ltion e;lt"h State J.et.lined its <br />:-ooH',.pigllty. f,'ee.lolll~ allll indepI-'mIt'lll"e, nlHl c\"el'Y power. juris- <br />dktioll, alllI right 1I0t p.xpl'es:-ily delegate(1 to lile Ollited ~tate~, <br />'"Tille'. the ('onstitution. thOlll!:h the pOWt'l"S of tilt, :';tatp!'; wt're <br />1l11wh ,'e:-;tl.jc1ed. still nil pm\-"en~ not dcle:!;ltl~(1 to the Vnitefl <br />Statei-:. 1101' prohibited to tlll-~ Statrs. :ll'(} rps(~I'\.E.'II to the Htnte!"~ <br />"e!';pedin~l.r. or to the people. ~""'lld we htl\'e nll'eady hall 0('('.1- <br />i-lioJl to l"em:".),; at this tPI"I 11 , that 'the people of path 8tatl~ com- <br />pose a. ~tHte. lIaring' its Il\\"Jl gm'el'!I11lent :111(1 endowed with all <br />the fUllttimls essential to !';p.p:nate :llld illclt'lu'lHlent exi~tem'e.' <br />and that 'without the ~tnt('s in unioIl t.here ("0111(1 be 110 such <br />politkal body [IS the ('nitell foItales.' Xot OIl1y thcl'C'fol'(l t'un <br />there lIe 110 lo~!'; of !,;p.p:lI'ate and iJHlepelHlellt nutonomy to the <br />~tat('l!-; throngh tht'll' ruin" "nile\' the ('ons.titnl1on, hnt it may <br />lie not ulll'en~ml;lhly ~:lid that the PI'p'sPl'ratioll of the ~Hatf:8 a.nd <br />the IIwintellnll('e of their O"fI"erlllllt>lltf.: :l1'(~ tl!'; llIudl within the <br />design and (:31'e of the Co';'lstitution as the preservation of the <br />Uuinn aud the maintenance of the Nntional Government. The <br />Constitution, in <111 it~ pro,"i~ion8. look~ to nil indestf'llttible <br />Union, cOlllpo~ed of innestl'uetiblc States.'~ (Chief .Justice Cbase <br />ill Texas \'. Whitt" , Walloee, ,00, ,~5, uel'ideu ill 1868.) <br /> <br />"The General Hovernment, nnd the States, although botb <br />exist within the ~ame territorial lilllit~. are !'icpal'ate nnd di~- <br />tinct. ~o\"ereignties. aeting fo;c}larntel,Y and independently of encb <br />otber', wjtllin their re~pe(;ti\'e spl.1ere~. The former in its appro- <br />J.u-iate sphere is !';upreme; but the 8tatt.}~ within the limit!';. of <br /> <br />[ ~!) ] <br /> <br />" <br />