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002402 WATER RE'BOUROE' DEVEILOPMENT PROGRAMS ,:,' :C"-"':' 21 POTENTIAL HYDRO POWER RESOURCES China has a less developed and therefore greater potential hydro de- velopment in its mighty rivers chiefly the Yangtze, the Tibetan rivers, the Yellow and the Pearl and also the lesser streams in North Korea and Formosa which all Chinese official literature inevitably lists in the People's Republic totals regardless of others saying otherwise. China's current rulers in a thousand pronouncements have pledged an all-out drive to the full multiple purpose development of these streams as essential to the Republic's economic and survival strength-usually adding the qualification that flood control had :priority possibly because more millions of Chinese fear floods from which they long and griev- ously suffered than they crave kilowatts which many have never expe- rienced. . Some concept of the current Chinese power status can be compre- hended from the following facts collected largely from official Chinese documents filed with this report for the Senate's appraisal. The first hydroelectric station in China was built on the Tang-Iang Chin River near the city of Kumming (Yunnan Province) by the Ger- man Siemens Trust. It went on-stream in 1912 with a name plate capacity of 2,920 kilowatts which were not realized. It remained a lonely hydro station and up to 1937 the capacity of all stations in the then nation, including Formosa, was listed as under 3,000 kilowatts with all hydromechanized and electrical-engineering equipment im- ported. COMP.ARED WITH SHASTA POWER :PLANT During the Japanese occupation some 30 small hydroplants were built by the Japanese with Japanese equipment. The Japanese also built the larger Fungman (within the dam) Station in northeast China, and blew it up in retreat when driven out before it was really completed. The Kuomintang Army also blew up power stations as standard practice when it in turn was retreating. On the establish- ment of the People's Rep,ublic the authorities decided Fungman was no good and "incorrectly' built anyway. They redesigned, raised, and rebuilt it, and it is now the biggest pdwer producer in China-ap- proaching the production of Shasta powerhouse in California. . "The new Fungman is China's first great up-to-date hydroelectric station," Li Jui, China's Assistant Minister of Electric Power wrote in The People's China last year, stating further: It already plays an iIJ1portant role in supplying power to north China's indus- trial centers. At full capacity it will be able to produce well over 560,000 kilo- watts, double its highest output in the days of Japanese occupation. The FungIJ1an Station was renovated with the help of Soviet experts, and while this was being done a large nUIJ1ber of skilled workers were trained on the job. This has been a great help on later projects. There have been a lot of other Chinese hydrostations started and finished since. Also the Fungman Training School. has been aug- mented by many Government engineering training schools to develop the specialized talents that are prerequisite to hydroelectric construc- tion. Now on the great Yellow River, a notorious silt carrier, two huge hydroelectric plants at Sanmen Gorge and Liuchia Gorge are under construction. They are part of the upstream multiple-purpose de- velopment of the river dovetailed in with irrigation, flood control,