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<br />o <br />0. The allocathe efficiency of cont.rol strategies depenes en how c1rectly <br />tJ'1 <br />Co -' tr,e economic incentive achieves ttle desired bel'la'Y1or. Thus. an effluent tax en <br /> <br />salt discharges would be the most eff1c1en't policy tool in terms of net social <br /> <br />cost, because the tax can only be avoided by la"oring salt d1schar!;j8s. <br /> <br />Influent taxes on irrigation water are less effect1...e due to the 1rrperfect <br /> <br />correlation between water use and salt C:1scnarge. The lo..est-cost mettled to <br /> <br />reduce salt loading in the Grand Vel1ey 15 with 1rr.pro\led irrigation practices <br /> <br /> <br />appl1e( to corn first, 'then barley, dry beans, pasture, and finally alfalfa. <br /> <br />However. water hi conserved lJIOst effectfvely by applying irrigation changes <br /> <br />ffrst to alfalfa and pasture, then corn, and finally barley and dry be~ns. The <br /> <br />difference reduces ttle effectheness of influent taxes as a salinity control.. <br /> <br />tool. Water rentals (discussed balo.) ~ould achieve virtually the sa~e results <br /> <br />as .ater tax.es. <br /> <br />Subsidizing irrfgation syst.em 1lt.proverr.ents fs even less <br /> <br />effective. because the private econcmic incentive 1s to upgrade irr1gat1cn <br /> <br />infrastn.lC'ture to conserve labor as .ell as .ater. This adds one more 1inka;e <br /> <br />between the incentive and lo.er salt discharges. while fal1ing to encourage <br /> <br />labor-intensive salinity control. <br /> <br />Distributive IllDact.s of Abatement Stra:t.8Q1es <br /> <br />Our distributive i/t.pact analysfs a:easures the burden of costs imposed on <br /> <br /> <br />each of the groups involved. Differences 1n distributional effects (fncluding <br /> <br /> <br />both damage costs and abatement expenditures) for a range of strategies are <br /> <br /> <br />analyzed 1n tables 3 and 4 for their 1rrpac-: on (a) Grand Valley far:r.ers. (b) <br /> <br /> <br />the federal government (i.e.. ttle taxpayers) and ec) the down-river <br /> <br />beneftcfades.7 <br /> <br />(Of course. the cost stlare attributed here to the governrr.ent <br /> <br />l4 <br />