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<br />Econorr1c Eff1ciencv of "'ternat1ve Control Stratec:1es. <br /> <br />o <br />o The linear program was first solved to establish the bener-marl< (no <br />c.." <br />......:..- salinity control) scenario (table 2. Part A. Ro.. ll. Annual net retums to land <br /> <br />and water are an estimated S2.S22.000 for the entire stud)' area. This a/l'lOunts <br /> <br />to Just over SSO per acre average net return. <br /> <br />The base solution rec;uires <br /> <br />222.250 acre-feet of 1rrigatfon water resulting in 237.350 tons of salt <br /> <br />discharged into the river via deep percolaticn and ffeld ditch seepage. This <br /> <br />figure is similar to the earl fer estimates of both SCS and Leathers and Young. <br /> <br />Policy fnstruments or strategies for reducing the emissions of water <br /> <br />pollutants include administratively-set incentives (subsidies or taxes), <br /> <br />marketable effluent permits and most commonly. direct controls en emttter <br /> <br />behavior (Bohm and Russell). <br /> <br />Three basic types of control strategies were <br /> <br />tested: 1) 1rrigation system subsidies. 2) effluent taxes on salt dfscharges. <br /> <br />ana 3) taxes on 1rr1gat1on water. ("influent" taxes). <br /> <br />Variations and <br /> <br />combinations of these were also examined. <br /> <br />Definition of Net Social Cost. <br /> <br />Net social cost of salinity control 1s <br /> <br />expressed in annual terms to fnclude the annualized capital c:ost of on-farm <br /> <br />imp rovements. plus 1 ncome fo regone from p roduc:tion changes. adjusted by <br /> <br />credit1ng the value of irrigation labor saved.6 <br /> <br />Alternatively stated. net <br /> <br />cosu to upstream farmers plus the government's cost equals the net social <br /> <br />cost:. The cost to one group can exceed net social cost ff the other group is <br /> <br />subsidized by the policy. <br /> <br />Net farm income foregone from production changes may 1nclude that from <br /> <br />cropp 1 n9 pattern adjustments and 1 and rat 1 rement. <br /> <br />The cost of add1t1onal <br /> <br />overtin:e labor (based on the market wage rate) for frr1gation is also a scc1al <br /> <br />cost. <br /> <br />Capital cost subsidies and taxes on salt or water, hewever, are <br /> <br />10 <br />