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<br />processes. Early in the study, it became necessary to adopt a set of'
<br />standards f'or qual~ty qf' vater. This was done and it was assumed that
<br />cities would be. required to treat their wastes such. that the. BOD removal
<br />would be. 85 percent in.lg80, 90 percent. in the year 2000,. and 95 percent
<br />in the year 2020. Other quality of' w~ter criteria were also adopted.
<br />Since that time the various States have prepared standards.f'or control
<br />of' pollution f'or inter~State streams.. Although these State standards
<br />were not available when the work on the f'ramework study was started, in
<br />most cases the standards adopted for this study are compatible with those
<br />adopted by the States. Even with the degree of pollution or degree of
<br />treatment assumed for the framework study, there will be many points in
<br />the Missouri Basin where the biological load on streams is in excess of
<br />that allowed in the standards, and further waste treatment or a supply of
<br />additional water for dilution will .be required. In addition, there are
<br />currently about 7 million head of cattle in feedlots in the Missouri
<br />Basin and this is expected to increase about three times, or to about
<br />20 million head by 2020. Many of these f'eedlots are located where the
<br />wastes will be drained into the stream and ef'f'orts are underway to f'ind
<br />suitable means of' preventing the pollution of' streams from this source.
<br />With respect to the thermal pollution, approximately 60 percent of the
<br />heat produced in coal or nuclear plants must be wasted. Only about 40
<br />percent is turned into power. Thermal pollution may become a problem, .but
<br />is subject to at least same means of control because cooling water can be
<br />held in ponds, or cooling towers can be utilized. Of course, both of these
<br />methods of preventing thermal pollution are expensive and the other needs
<br />for water of the streams will have to be demonstrated in order to impose
<br />these means and thus control the thermal pollution. The various factors
<br />and means f'or alleviating or merely rating the stream pollution conditions
<br />are being considered by the Development Work Group.
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<br />Electric Power - Electric power has become a common commodity used by
<br />all and the.use has been increasing at a rather surprising rate. The in-
<br />crease in the past several years has been between six and seven percent a
<br />year, or a doubling of' the power needs about every ten years. Currently
<br />there are ten million kilowatts of power generating capability in the Basin,
<br />of' which about 28 percent is hydro and 72 percent thermal. An average of
<br />about 39 billion kilowatt-hours of energy are produced, two. thirds by thermal
<br />generation and the balance by hydro generation. The projected paver re-
<br />quirements show that by the year 2020 some 147 million kilowatts of capacity
<br />will be required, and this is about 13 times that now in the Basin. Energy
<br />requirements will. be about 670 billion kilowatt-hours or about 25 times
<br />that used currently in the Basin. By 2020, it is estimated that nuclear
<br />fuels will be used as a heat source for approximately half ot the thermal
<br />installation. Water requirements are currently about 3-3/10 million acre-
<br />feet for condensor water and this will increase to about 45.5 million acre-
<br />f'eet in 2020. To supply these requirements will require stream diversions
<br />of 1.7 million acre-feet in 1965 and about 5.1 million acre-feet in 2020.
<br />Actual consumption of water has been estimated at 37 million acre-feet
<br />currently and will increase to about 603 million acre-feet in 2020.
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