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<br />W <br />I. <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />Ie <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I. <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />separated by shale layers is not the same as a continuous 200-foot thick sandstone aquifer. A <br />primary difference between these two aquifers is the amount of available drawdown which can be <br />placed on the aquifer materials under unconfined conditions. The maximum change in hydraulic <br />head (drawdown) which can be placed on a 20-foot thick sandstone layer is 20 feet. A 200-foot <br />drawdown can be placed on the 200-foot aquifer. A larger amount of groundwater production <br />will be available from the 200-foot aquifer. <br /> <br />An additional issue is nonlinearity of specific capacity in an unconfined layered aquifer. <br />Under confined aquifer conditions, specific capacity is constant and there is a linear relationship <br />between pumping rate and drawdown. When unconfined conditions occur specific capacity is no <br />longer constant and the relationship between pumping rate and drawdown is nonlinear. When the <br />groundwater level is below the base of a layer, unconfined sandstone layers will drain into a well <br />independently of the pumping water level in the well. Flow into the well from unconfined layers <br />will be based on the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient of the sandstone layers. <br /> <br />The economic life of the aquifers should be analyzed as an aquifer drawdown problem <br />where the relationships among aquifer drawdown, the pumping water level in a well, and <br />production from a Denver Basin aquifer well are all taken into account. The problem can be <br />stated as follows: How does production from the Denver Basin aquifers change in response to <br />reduced saturated thickness and lower pumping water levels? Well pumping rates are important <br />because they are the measure of an aquifer's production. Additionally, the costs of well <br />installation, operation and maintenance over time to maintain aquifer production will be included <br />in the economic analysis. <br /> <br />2 <br /> <br />HRS WATER CONSULTANTS, INC. <br />