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<br />~ <br /> <br />CONCEPT 10: When the potentiometric surface of an aquifer is above the <br />surface of the ground, a flowing artesian well may result. <br /> <br />Action: Remove the water bottle from the inlet. Release the clamp on <br />the plastic tube to empty the lake. Using one of the wash bottles with <br />diluted dye, squirt some dye down the tube in the lake. Invert the <br />water bottle in the inlet and watch for the diluted dye to begin flowing <br />into the lake. <br /> <br />Discussion: A flowing artesian well produces water at the surface <br />without the aid of a pump. It is groundwater flowing under natural <br />pressure to the earth's surface. <br /> <br />CONCEPT 11: Piezometers are a tyee of monitorinq or observation well. They' <br />are constructed differently from pumping wells and have different uses. <br /> <br />Action: Look at the piezometers and pumping wells in the model. <br /> <br />Discussion: Piezometers are u~ually installed by researchers studying <br />groundwater. They are designed to be open only at a single point in the <br />aquifer. They can have water samples drawn from them. However, they <br />are not intended to be used as a source of drinking water and therefore <br />are often not as large as pumping wells. Piezometers are generally used <br />to: (1) determine the'depth to groundwater; and (2) collect water <br />samples to determine water quality. Knowing the depth to groundwater in <br />a number of piezometers can allow you to map the direction of <br />groundwater flow. <br /> <br />Monitoring wells have specific requirements to meet EPA guidelines. <br />They are generally used for long-ter~ monitoring associated with <br />underground storage tanks, hazardous waste sites, and landfills. <br /> <br />Observation wells can be used for short-term or long-term purposes. <br />They are generally required in groundwater studi~s and may have project <br />specific uses such as measuring flow below a dam. <br /> <br />CONCEPT 12: Groundwater is withdrawn from the qround throuqh eumeinq wells <br />for use in our homes. farms. and industries. <br /> <br />Action: Locate the 3 pumping wells on the model. Use the orange pump <br />to withdraw water from one of the wells. <br /> <br />Discussion: Wells are drilled or driven into aquifers. A screen is <br />placed at the bottom of the well to keep solids from being pumped out <br />along with the water and to prevent caving in of the hole. A pump is <br />used to withdraw water from the well. The water can be drawn towards <br />the well from all directions (any dyes in the sand from the previous <br />concepts will readily show this). <br /> <br />4 <br />