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\\.~~ . . develop end test new techniques and procedures. Before arry field program is tmdertaken, certain supporting studies are desirable. One of the most important of these is the clima- tology of the area. This is incoI1>Orated into all of our present end planned field experiments. Field research is being conducted in the Colorado River Basin by two private organizations, with support fran two Federal agencies for specialized measurements. E. Bollay Associates is working in the Park Range area of the Colorado Rockies developing a new evaluation technique, power spectrum analysis, and also procedures for detecting seedable storm systems and methods for determining the lateral and vertical extent of the seeded area. This group uses ground-based silver iodide generators. Meteorology Research, Inc. is studying the behavior of oro- graphically induced convective clouds near Flagstaff, Arizona. One of the goals here is the detennination of quantitative requirements for seeding convective clouds. They are also studying buoyancy effects. When a drop of water freezes or when water vapor condenses, heat is released. The heat warms the surrounding air and makes it a little lighter. This air tends to rise, and the rising motion is the buoyancy effect. It is induced artifically when seeding material initiates the freezing process. Three university groups, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, University of Wyaoing, and Montana State University, are conducting field studies in the Missouri River Basin. The University of Wyoming is studying cap cloud precipitation, which has already been discussed briefly. There can be no question about the effect of seeding these cap clouds. Pre- cipitation rarely falls naturally fran them, but when they are seeded (Wyaoing uses a ground-basedsilver iodide generator) snow falls; when the generator is turned off, the snow stops; when the generator is moved, the area of snowfall moves. There are indications that one silver iodide generator could provide perhaps 450 acre feet of water in the form of additional high""1llOuotain snowpack per day of cap cloud occurrence. About 1,000 of such generator-day units of operation ahould be avail- able during most winters on the several mountain ranges of WYOllling . Montana State University is studying the downwind effects of artificial nucleation in en orographic storm situation. Some scientiats have suggested that seeding one area results in changes in the precipitation downwind, even though no seeding material is involved. Montana States' team of researchers 12