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<br />Chapter I Purpose and Need 7 <br /> <br />shiners, expanded their range by moving up from the confluence of the Green and Yampa <br />rivers into lower Lodore Canyon. Roundtail chub and channel catfish were also documented <br />moving further up river in Lodore Canyon. As a result of the increased temperatures, flannel <br />mouth sucker, blue head sucker, speckled dace, and red shiner all began reproducing in <br />Lodore Canyon. <br /> <br />As of 1995, there was a fairly extensive native fish community in Lodore Canyon, a number <br />of which were reproducing, including the flannel mouth sucker, blue head sucker. mountain <br />white fish, speckled dace. and mottled sculpin. As of 1995 there was also a fairly extensive <br />non-native fish community in Lodore Canyon. Reproducing species include redside shiner, <br />fathead minnow, and red shiner. <br /> <br />In summary, the measured effects of warming on the fisheries of the Green River include: <br /> <br />. Improved trout growth and reproduction. <br /> <br />. In the period between 1978 and 1995, there-appears to be increased use of Lodore <br />Canyon by Colorado (endangered) squawfish. <br /> <br />. Other native fish such as flannel mouth sucker, blue head sucker, mountain white fish, <br />and speckled dace all began to reproduce in Lodore Canyon and lower Brown's Park <br />as a result of raising river temperatures in 1978. <br /> <br />. Non-native red shiners began reproducing in lower Lodore Canyon but have not <br />expanded upstream over the period of 1978 to 1995. Non-native white suckers have <br />also begun reproducing since the inlet modification and there is increasing evidence <br />of various sucker hybrids in the Green River between the dam and the Yampa River. <br /> <br />. Non-native fathead minnows were reproducing in the river throughout Lodore <br />Canyon before the warming of the river and appear to have become more abundant in <br />lower Lodore Canyon during the period of 1978 to 1995. <br /> <br />Shasta Dam Outflow Temperature Control Study - The upper Sacramento River is the <br />largest and most important salmon stream in California and provides more spawning habitat <br />for chinook salmon than any other river in the State. Elevated temperatures negatively <br />impact the fish. In 1987. Reclamation began releasing water from the river outlet works to <br />cool release temperatures in the heat of the summer for salmon. While improving river <br />temperatures, this measure cost nearly $9 million in power generation over 3 years. <br /> <br />A planning report/final environmental statement titled Shasta Outflow Temperature Control <br />was prepared by Reclamation and filed in 1991 to evaluate alternatives for retrofitting <br />outflow temperature control to Shasta Dam and eliminate bypassing the powerplant. The <br />cost of the shutter device (for temperature control) is about $60 million. The current cost- <br />sharing proposal is 75 percent Federal (50 percent reimbursable by authorized project <br />purposes and 25 percent nonreimbursable) and 25 percent non-Federal. Unlike Glen Canyon <br />Dam, no previous environmental impact statement had been prepared on the operation of the <br />